Group Video Project and B Cell Development

These flashcards cover important concepts related to group project responsibilities and details about B cell development and related processes.

Group Submission Requirement

All group members must be part of the online group to receive a grade for the group project.

Transcription Factors

Proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences to regulate transcription of genetic information from DNA to mRNA.

Hematopoietic Stem Cell

A type of stem cell that gives rise to all blood cells and is undifferentiated until it receives signals to become a specific type of cell.

Clonal Expansion

The process by which a specific antigen-binding B or T cell proliferates to produce many identical cells.

Burkitt's Lymphoma

A type of cancer that occurs when a translocation involving chromosome 8 and 14 leads to unregulated expression of the MYC gene.

Translocation

The movement of a chromosome segment from one chromosome to another, which can lead to cancer if it disrupts important gene functions.

Anergic B Cell

A B cell that becomes nonresponsive after interacting with a soluble univalent antigen, leading to its eventual apoptosis.

Positive Selection (B cells)

The process by which immature B cells receive survival signals from follicular dendritic cells, allowing them to mature.

Follicular Dendritic Cells (FDC)

Cells in the B cell region of the lymph node that present antigens to B cells, aiding in their maturation and activation.

Cytokines

Signaling proteins secreted by cells that affect the behavior of other cells, such as providing survival signals in B cell development.

Lymphotoxin

A cytokine produced by B cells that supports their maturation when interacting with follicular dendritic cells.

Receptor Editing

The process by which a B cell alters its receptor to avoid self-reactivity during development in the bone marrow.

Heavy Chain Rearrangement

The process involved in developing the heavy chain of B cell receptors, which must occur before light chain rearrangement can happen.

Somatic Hypermutation

The process that introduces mutations into the variable region of antibody genes to increase their affinity for antigens.

IgM

The first type of antibody produced in response to an antigen, initially secreted by plasma cells.

Mature Naive T Cells

T cells that have left the thymus and are capable of recognizing antigens but have not yet encountered their specific antigen.

Thymocytes

Immature T cells located in the thymus during their development into functional T cells.

Double Negative T Cell

An early stage T cell that does not express CD4 or CD8.

Apoptosis

The process of programmed cell death used to eliminate cells that fail to meet survival signals or recognize self.

Self Antigens

Molecules produced by an organism that can potentially induce an immune response against itself.