Anatomy chapter 7 Axial Skeleton

What is composed of in the axial skeleton

1. composed of bones that run along the central axis of the body

2. skull

3. vertebral column

4. thoracic cage

What are the cranial bones

they are rounded bones that make up the cranium

• ethmoid

• frontal

• occipital

• sphenoid

• parietal (2)

• Temporal (2)

Forms forehead and part of the roof of the cranium

Frontal Bone

form most of cranial roof and part of its lateral walls

parietal bone

Form lateral walls and part of floor of cranial cavity

temporal bone

forms rear and base of the skull

Occipital bone

what does anterior mean

front of

What does posterior mean

back of

what does medial mean

towards the midline

what does lateral mean

away from the midline

keystone bone of the skull

Sphenoid bone

located between eyes, contributes to medal wall of orbit, walls and roof of nasal cavity and nasal septum

Ethmoid bone

encloses, protects and supports the brain

cranial cavity

eyes

orbital cavity

oral cavity

mouth

Nasal Cavity

nose

paranasal sinuses

What do the facial bones do

• provide shape to each individual’s face

• form part of the orbit and nasal cavity

• support the teeth

• attachment of muscles involved in facial expression and chewing

What bones are apart of the facial bones

1. lacrimal (2)

2. Nasal (2)

3. Inferior nasal conchae (2)

4. Palatine (2)

5. Vomer

6. Mandible

7. Zygomatic (2)

8. Maxilla (2)

What type of bone is this

lacrimal bone

What does the lacrimal bone do

• form part of medial wall of the orbits

• Lacrima means “tear”

• When an excess of tears are formed they drain into the lacrimal groove, to the nasal cavity

What type of bone is this

Nasal bone

What does the nasal bone do

• it is the most anterior portion of the facial area

• forms the bridge of the nose, tip is cartilage

• most often fractured when hit in the nose

What is this bone

inferior nasal conchae

What does the inferior nasal conchae do

• located inside the nasal cavity

• creates turbulence in inhaled air, helps warm the air

what type of bone is this

vomer

What does the vomer do

• it articulates with the maxilla and the ethmoid bone

• forms the nasal septum with the ethmoid bone

what is this bone

mandible

What does the mandible do

• forms the entire lower jaw

• supports teeth and muscles for mastication (chewing)

What forms a joint called the temporomandibular joint

• which allows us to move our jaw when we talk and chew

temporal bone and the mandible

What type of bone is this

zygomatic bone (2)

What does the zygomatic bone do

• cheekbones

• found between the maxilla and temporal bones

• helps give structure to face

What bone is this

maxilla

what does the maxilla do

• keystone of the facial bones

• form upper jaw, inferior orbit area, and support teeth

what type of bone is this

palatine bone

what does the palatine bone do

• small with a distinct L shape

• part of hard plate, nasal cavity, and orbit

• works with maxilla to separate oral from nasal cavity

What is the most inferior (towards the bottom) of the facial bones *

Mandible *

the two bones that form the nasal septum *

vomer and the ethmoid bone *

the most posterior (in back of) bone of the cranial area *

Occipital bone *

The keystone bone of the cranial are *

Sphenoid bone *

what bone is this

mastoid process

what does the mastoid process do

• bulge on inferior surface of the temporal bone (larger in males, smaller in females)

• anchoring site for muscles that move the neck

what bone is this

styloid process

what does the styloid process do

• thin, pointed bone, located on the temporal bone

• site for attachment of many hyoid and tongue muscles

what type of bone is this

the body of mandible

what type of bone is this

ramus

what does the sutures of the skull do

• immovable fibrous joints that can form the boundaries between the cranial bones

• allow the cranium to grow and expand during childhood

• dense regular connective tissue seals cranial bones firmly together as a suture

what type of suture is this

saggital suture

line that separates left and right parietal bones

saggital suture

what type of suture is this

coronal suture

line that separates frontal and parietal bones

coronal suture

what type of suture is this

lambdoidal suture

line that separates parietal and occipital bones

lambdoidal suture

what type of suture is this

squamous suture

line that separates parietal and temporal bones

squamous suture

what is the vertebral column composed of

composed of 26 bones (24 vertebrae, fused bones of sacrum and coccyx)

what are the functions of the vertebral column

•Vertical support for the body

•Support weight of the head

•Help maintain upright body position

•Transfer axial skeletal weight to the appendicular skeleton of the lower limbs

•House and protect the delicate spinal cord

•Provide a passageway for spinal nerves connecting to the spinal cord

what are the curvature types

• cervical

• thoracic

• lumbar

• sacral

what is the top pointing to

spinous process

what type is this

body

what type is this

vertebral foramen

what is this

transverse process

what is this

lamina

what is the arrow pointing at

pedicle

cervical vertebrae (C1)

atlas

Cervical vertebrae (C2)

axis

originate on the thoracic vertebrae, insert on sternum

ribs

attached directly through cartilage to sternum

true ribs

attached indirectly through cartilage to sternum

false ribs

what is the thoracic ribs characterized by

rib facets

cleft lip on the left and cleft palate on the right

what type of spinal curvature abnormality is this

scoliosis

what type of spinal curvature abnormality is this

kyphosis

what type of spinal curvature abnormality is this

lordosis

what happens in herniated discs

Disc is slipping into vertebra foramen

- If happens, where soinal cord is located, spinal cord is being pressures, and spine pain can get worse