TERRITORY AND NATIONALITY
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23 Terms
Citizenship
A legal bond between an individual and a state, granting the individual specific rights and obligations.
Naturalization
The process by which a state grants its nationality to a person who meets certain criteria.
Dual nationality
The status of a person possessing nationality in two or more countries simultaneously.
Jus soli
The principle that grants nationality to an individual based on their place of birth.
Jus sanguinis
The principle that attributes nationality to an individual based on their parents' nationality.
Stateless
A person who is not considered a national by any state.
Extraterritorial application of national law
When a state's laws and regulations are extended to their nationals while they are abroad.
Fraudulent acquisition of nationality
A reason a state might revoke an individual's nationality.
1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness
An international instrument aimed at preventing statelessness.
Minimum period of residence
A common requirement for foreign nationals seeking naturalization in a country.
Stateless person
A legal term for a person who does not possess the nationality of any country.
Multiple nationalities
When an individual acquires nationality from different states, sometimes as a result of different legal principles.
Nationality
The legal relationship between an individual and a state, often indicating membership in a nation.
Citizenship by descent
Obtaining citizenship through parents or ancestors, rather than by birth within a state.
Refugee status
Legal recognition granted to individuals fleeing persecution or danger in their home country.
Statelessness
The condition of not being recognized as a citizen by any country.
Revocation of nationality
The process whereby a state withdraws an individual's citizenship rights.
Asylum
Protection granted to individuals in another country due to persecution in their own.
Naturalization test
An examination that applicants must pass to become naturalized citizens in some countries.
Permanent resident
A non-citizen who has been granted the right to reside indefinitely in a country.
Civic duty
The responsibilities of a citizen, such as voting and serving on a jury.
Migration
The movement of individuals or groups from one place to another, often across borders.