Biopsychology: Biological rhythms

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9 Terms

1
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Biological rhythm

any change in physiological activity that repeats periodically in a set pattern

the frequency they change determines what type of rhythm it is

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Infradian

One cycle takes longer than 24 hours (menstruation, hibernation etc.)

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Circadian

One cycle takes approximately 24 hours (metabolic activity, sleep/waking, body temperature and hormones)

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Ultradian

One cycle takes less than 24 hours (feeding, stages of sleep and alertness)

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Hibernation

  • Many animals hibernate during winter, a period characterized by reduced metabolic rate, body temperature, and activity.

  • The primary function of hibernation is to conserve energy during times when food is scarce or temperatures are too low for normal activity. 

  • lasts from a few days to several months depending on animal

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Menstrual cycle

  • first 10-14 days (follicular phase)= oestrogen and progesterone at lowest level, when bleeding stops Follicle Stimulating hormone (FSH) from master gland rises causing growth of ovarian follicles

  • day 14+ (ovulatory phase)= starts with FSH signalling ovaries to produce oestrogen, which causes luteinising hormone (LH) to surge and releases largest egg in fallopian tubes ready for fertalisation

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Sleep cycle

  • Follows an alternating REM and NREM sleep

  • this cycle repeats itself every 90-100 minutes

  • different stages have different durations

  • stage 1-2 is light, easy to wake, alpha and theta waves

  • stage 3-4 is deep sleep with slower delta waves and hard to wake

  • stage 5 is Rem sleep (dreaming)

  • learnt about sleep stages from recording electric activity of the brain

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Body temperature

  • fluctuates by up to a degree across a day

  • generally it peaks mid afternoon at around 37.1oC and troughs in the small hours around 4am at about 36.7oC

  • influenced by muscular activity, digestion, heat loss and production

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Sleep- wake cycle

  • 24 hour cycle that determines our pattern of wakefulness and sleepiness

  • dips and rises at certain times in the day, our strongest sleep drive occurs between 2-4am and 1-3pm

  • these can be more or less intense depending on whether you are sleep deprived or have had sufficient sleep

  • can also be influenced by internal and external factors known as endogenous pacemakers and exogenous zeitgebers