Key Concepts in Sports Medicine and Injury Management

Who is ultimately responsible for deciding when an injured athlete is likely to return to full activity?

The sports medicine team.

In the sports medicine team, who is most directly responsible for preventing injuries, providing initial first aid and injury management, evaluating and diagnosing injuries, and designing and supervising a program of rehabilitation to facilitate the safe return of the athlete to activity?

The athletic trainer.

What is the term defined as the failure to use ordinary or reasonable care?

Negligence.

In the context of legal concerns, how do you describe malfeasance?

An act of wrongdoing or illegal behavior.

What does HOPS stand for?

History, Observation, Palpation, Special tests.

What is terminology for inflammation of a tendon?

Tendinitis.

Explain the difference between grade 1, 2, and 3 sprains.

Grade 1: mild stretching; Grade 2: partial tear; Grade 3: complete tear.

Which does the anterior cruciate ligament prevent?

Anterior translation of the tibia.

A patella usually dislocates in what direction?

Laterally.

The quadricep muscles' primary job is to:

Extend the knee.

The primary job of the hamstring muscles is:

Flex the knee.

What forms the periphery of the intervertebral disc?

Annulus fibrosus.

What is the overall function of the rotator cuff?

Stabilize the shoulder joint.

The action of the supraspinatus is:

Abduction of the arm.

A deformity caused by jamming and avulsing the extensor tendon from its insertion is called:

Mallet finger.

What is the most frequently fractured carpal bone?

Scaphoid.

What describes the inability of an athlete to remember events after an injury has occurred?

Anterograde amnesia.

Pain on the anterior medial heel and plantar aspect of foot that occurs with the first steps in the morning is indicative of what condition?

Plantar fasciitis.

Rotational motion away from the midline describes:

External rotation.

How many vertebrae are present in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions of the spine?

Cervical: 7, Thoracic: 12, Lumbar: 5.

Most injuries to the medial collateral ligament result from blows to the _______ side of the knee.

Lateral.

What structure has the responsibility of cushioning the knee during impact activity?

Meniscus.

What is an injury that is caused by a direct blow that results in an extremely painful contusion to the iliac crest?

Hip pointer.

What injury involves a mechanical compression of the supraspinatus tendon, the subacromial bursa, and the long head of the biceps tendon under the coracoacromial arch?

Shoulder impingement.

Which muscles originate at the medial epicondyle of the humerus?

Wrist flexors.

Overuse of the wrist extensors is the mechanism for what injury?

Tennis elbow.

Reflex pain after spleen injury

A reflex pain that occurs after an injury to the spleen and radiates to the left shoulder.

Presence of blood in pleural cavity

Refers to the presence of blood within the pleural cavity and results from the tearing or puncturing of the lung or pleural tissue.

Spondylolysis injuries motion

Spondylolysis injuries result from specific motions that cause stress on the spine.

Function of the intervertebral disc

The function of the intervertebral disc is to act as a cushion between the vertebrae, allowing for movement and absorbing shock.

Commonly injured elbow ligament

The ulnar collateral ligament is commonly injured in throwing athletes.

Medial malleolus bone

The medial malleolus is part of the tibia.

Lateral malleolus bone

The lateral malleolus is part of the fibula.

Muscle problem from thigh blows

A severe blow or repeated blows to the thigh can produce a contusion in the muscle.

Immediate action for heat stroke

If you suspect a person is experiencing heat stroke, you should cool the person immediately after calling 9-1-1.

Rescue breaths reassessment frequency

When providing rescue breaths, you should stop and reassess the patient every 2 minutes.

Chest compression depth during CPR

You should compress the chest at least 2 inches deep during CPR on an adult.

Head tilt for infant rescue breaths

You should tilt the head slightly back when giving rescue breaths to an infant.

Compression rate during CPR

When performing chest compressions during CPR, you should give compressions at a rate of at least 100 compressions per minute.

Two-rescuer CPR cycle for infants

The cycle of chest compressions and ventilations in two-rescuer CPR for an infant is 15 compressions to 2 ventilations.

AED prompt 'no shock advised' action

If, during the second analysis, the AED prompts 'no shock advised' you should continue CPR.

Technique for infant CPR compressions

When providing two rescuer CPR on an infant you should use the two-finger technique for compressions.

AED pad placement for adults

When using an AED on an adult you should place the pads on the upper right chest and lower left side.

McBurney's point sign

When palpation reveals abdominal rigidity and tenderness at a point between the anterior superior spine of the ilium and the umbilicus, McBurney's point, it is most likely a sign of appendicitis.

Rotator cuff muscles

The rotator cuff muscles include the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis.

Establishing equipment safety standards

The National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) establishes minimum standards for equipment that must be met to ensure its safety.

Concussion return-to-play risk

If an athlete who sustained a concussion previously returns to play prior to resolution of the symptoms and then receives another head injury, they risk second impact syndrome.

Condition of pleural cavity filled with air

A condition in which the pleural cavity surrounding the lung becomes filled with air that has entered through an opening in the chest is called pneumothorax.

Loss of blood circulation to femur head

What occurs due to the loss of blood circulation to the articular head of the femur in children is known as avascular necrosis.

Organ injury causing hematuria

Injury to the kidney is likely to cause hematuria.

Team physician

Responsible for compiling medical histories and conducting physical examinations for each athlete.

Negligence

The failure to use ordinary or reasonable care.

Malfeasance

An individual commits an act that is not legally his or hers to perform.

NOCSAE

The National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment establishes minimum standards for equipment that must be met to ensure its safety.

Medial

Describes toward the midline.

External rotation

Rotational motion away from the midline.

Tendonitis

The terminology for inflammation of a tendon.

Pes Planus

A fallen medial longitudinal arch describes this foot issue.

Plantar fasciitis

Condition of the foot that results in pain on the plantar surface of the foot that is the worst in the morning.

Turf toe

A hyperextension injury of the big toe.

Tibiofibular

A high ankle sprain is the result of injury to this ligament.

Inversion

The mechanism of injury that damages the lateral ankle ligaments.

Tibia

The medial malleolus is part of this bone.

PCL

Falling on the anterior aspect of a bent knee will likely damage this ligament.

MCL

A hit to the lateral aspect of the knee will likely injure this structure.

Hamstrings

The actions include knee flexion & hip extension.

Leg-Calve Perthes

Condition that occurs due to the loss of blood circulation to the articular head of the femur in children.

Hip pointer

Injury caused by a direct blow that results in an extremely painful contusion to the iliac crest leading to bleeding in the transversus abdominus and oblique muscles.

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis

Disorder that occurs in the adolescent hip and is found mostly in boys who are obese.

Myositis ossificans

Condition caused by improper care of a thigh contusion, leading to ectopic bone formation within the quadriceps muscle.

Impingement

Condition caused by reduction of the space through which the supraspinatus tendon can pass.

Rotator cuff muscles

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis.

Annular ligament

Ligament that wraps around the radial head.

Mallet finger

A deformity caused by jamming and avulsing the extensor tendon from its insertion.

Lateral epicondylitis

Tennis elbow is also known as this.

Second impact syndrome

Can occur if an athlete who sustained a concussion previously returns to play prior to resolution of the symptoms and then receives another head injury.

Raccoon eyes

A sign of skull fracture.

Subdural hematoma

Type of cerebral hematoma that is most common and results from venous bleeding.

Upper left quadrant

The spleen is located in this quadrant.

Kidney contusion/laceration

Injury likely to cause hematuria.

Kehr's sign

Associated with injury to the spleen.

Pneumothorax

Condition in which the pleural cavity surrounding the lung becomes filled with air that has entered through an opening in the chest.

Annulus fibrosus

The periphery of the intervertebral disc.

Cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae

There are 7, 12, and 5 vertebrae present in these regions of the spine, respectively.

Spondylolysis

Injuries occur as the result of extension motion at the spine.

Anterior longitudinal ligament

Function is to limit extension.

Supraspinous ligament

Function is to limit flexion.

Occipital bone

The name of the bone that forms the posterior aspect of the skull.

Meninges

List from deep to superficial: Pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater.