Acids, Bases, and Salts Review

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and definitions related to acids, bases, and salts as discussed in the lecture.

Ionisation of Acid

The process by which acid molecules form ions when added to water.

Hydronium Ion

The H3O+ ion formed when a hydrogen ion (H+) attaches to a water molecule.

Acid

A substance that is a proton donor, forming H+ ions in solution.

Normal Salt

A compound formed when all hydrogen ions in an acid are replaced by metal or ammonium ions.

Acid Salt

A compound formed when some but not all hydrogen ions in an acid are replaced by metal or ammonium ions.

Sour Taste

A characteristic property of acids, indicating their acidic nature.

Blue to Red Litmus

The change in color of litmus paper when exposed to an acidic solution.

pH less than 7

Indicates the acidic nature of an aqueous solution.

Example of Ionisation

HCl(g) + H2O(l) → H3O+(aq) + Cl-(aq) as example of hydrochloric acid ionisation.

Dibasic Acid

An acid that can donate two protons per molecule.

Tribasic Acid

An acid that can donate three protons per molecule.

Sodium Hydroxide Reaction with Sulfuric Acid

NaOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) → NaHSO4(aq) + H2O(l) when forming an acid salt.

Salts from Hydrochloric Acid

Normal salt (NaCl) formed when HCl reacts with NaOH.

Salts from Nitric Acid

Normal salt (NaNO3) formed when HNO3 reacts with NaOH.

Salts from Sulfuric Acid

Normal salt (Na2SO4) or acid salt (NaHSO4) dependent on the reaction.

Phosphoric Acid Salts

Normal salt (Na3PO4) and acid salts (Na₂HPO4, NaH₂PO4) from reactions with NaOH.