OB

This type of diabetes exists before pregnancy and increases the risk of congenital anomalies, especially if blood glucose is not well controlled during the first trimester.

PGDM

This natural postpartum activity is encouraged in mothers with gestational diabetes because it helps stabilize maternal blood glucose and reduces the risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life

breastfeeding

The nurse identifies the presence of this as a risk factor for developing diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

ketonuria

• BMI of 30

• 35 years of age

• previous large baby

• previous diagnosis of gestational diabetes

GDM risk factors

The nurse teaches the pregnant diabetic client to keep these items on hand to quickly raise blood glucose during a hypoglycemic episode

½ cup of orange juice, Whole milk, 4 glucose tablets, 1 tablespoon of honey

This rapid-acting insulin requires the nurse to verify that a meal tray is present before administration to a pregnant client with diabetes

Lispro (Humalog)

This type of brain hemorrhage, commonly seen in preterm infants can result in significant neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage

This chronic lung disease, often affecting premature infants, results from prolonged mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy, leading to damage in the lungs. Treatment includes diuretics, bronchodilators and corticosteroids

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD)

• cyanosis

• mottling

• poor feeding

• respiratory distress

• heart murmur

• tachycardia

patent ductus arteriosus

This serious gastrointestinal condition in premature infants presents with symptoms such as abdominal distention, bloody stools, feeding intolerance, and lethargy

Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)

A benign newborn condition presents as soft, edematous swelling of the scalp that crosses suture lines and is typically caused by pressure during labor and delivery.

Caput succedaneum

The absence of this primitive reflex, especially if unilateral, may indicate a brachial plexus injury or clavicle fracture in the newborn

moro reflex

This treatment is used to lower bilirubin levels in neonates with jaundice, involving exposure to specific light wavelengths that help break down bilirubin in the skin.

phototherapy

This condition occurs when bilirubin levels rise rapidly or exceed 15 mg/dL in a newborn, often due to causes such as hemolytic disease, infection, or an enzyme deficiency

pathologic hyperbilirubinemia

This condition occurs when a pregnancy extends beyond 42 weeks, and the newborn may present with signs such as dry, peeling skin, long fingernails, and meconium-stained amniotic fluid

post-maturity of the neonate

Rh incompatibility symptoms

jaundice, anemia, __________, and in severe cases, _____________

hepatosplenomegaly, hydrops fetalis

Symptoms include high-pitched crying, irritability, tremors, poor feeding, and increased muscle tone.

neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS)

characterized by growth restriction, neurodevelopmental delays, microcephaly, and distinct facial features such as a smooth philtrum and thin upper lip.

fetal alcohol syndrome

This life-threatening condition in newborns may present with subtle signs such as temperature instability, lethargy, poor feeding, respiratory distress, and hypotonia.

sepsis

occurs when a mother with blood type O has a newborn with blood type A or B, leading to hemolysis and an increased risk of jaundice

ABO incompatibility

This condition occurs when the placenta implants in the lower part of the uterus, covering or being near the cervix, which can cause painless vaginal bleeding and may require a cesarean delivery.

placenta previa

This early warning sign of preterm labor and should be reported, especially if it occurs before 37 weeks of gestation

uterine cramping

This condition occurs when the fetus' head is too large to pass through the mother's pelvis, often leading to difficulty during labor and sometimes requiring a cesarean delivery

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD)

serious pregnancy complication involves the premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall, often presenting with vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, and uterine tenderness. 

abruptio placentae

This severe complication of preeclampsia is characterized by Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, and Low Platelets, and often presents with symptoms such as upper abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and headache.

HELLP syndrome

 This pregnancy complication is characterized by hypertension after 20 weeks’ gestation along with symptoms such as proteinuria, headache, visual disturbances, and right upper quadrant pain

preeclampsia

This medication is administered to women with preeclampsia to prevent seizures and requires close monitoring for toxicity, including checking deep tendon reflexes, respiratory rate, and urine output.

magnesium sulfate

This test is used to assess fetal well-being by measuring the fetal heart rate in response to fetal movements, and is considered reactive if the heart rate increases by at least 15 beats per minute for at least 15 seconds twice within 20 minutes.

Nonstress test

this prenatal procedure is performed to assess fetal lung maturity by measuring the lecithin-sphingomyelin (LS) ratio in the amniotic fluid, with a ratio of 2:1 indicating mature lungs.

amniocentesis

surgical procedure involves placing a stitch around the cervix to prevent premature cervical dilation and is often performed in women with a history of cervical insufficiency or preterm birth

cervical cerclage

This prenatal test evaluates fetal well-being by scoring five components:

fetal tone, movement, breathing, amniotic fluid volume, and nonstress test.

biophysical profile (BPP)