Cancer Prevention and Screening

Taylor Exam 2

neoplasia

any new or continued cell growth that is not needed for normal development or a replacement of dead and damaged tissues

benign tumor cells

normal cells growing in the wrong place or at the wrong time

Primary tumors

cancer cells grow from tissue in which they arose

Secondary tumor

cancer cells that move from their primary location by breaking off and migrating, establishing remote colonies

classification

tissue of origin

grading

how aggressive the cancer is, how sensitive it is to treatment

clinical staging

assess symptoms and evaluate size/spread of tumors

surgical staging

inspect tumor surgically, evaluate number, size of tumor, if it has spread

pathologic staging

biopsy, more definitive diagnosis of cancer/diagnosis

TNM

anatomic extent of tumors, useful tool for prognosis

primary cancer prevention

removal of “at risk tissue”, vaccinations, avoidance of known or possible carcinogens, modifying risk factors

secondary cancer prevention

regular screenings

C warning sign of cancer

changes in bowel or bladder

A warning sign

a sore that does not heal

U warning sign

unusual bleeding or discharge from any orifice

T warning sign

thickening or a lump

I warning sign

indigestion or difficulty swallowing

O warning sign

obvious change in wart or mole

N warning sign

nagging cough or hoarseness