Shoulde&Elbow muscles + muscle types

humeral fracture locations and nerve damage

1. Humeral (surgical neck): Axillary n., posterior humerus circumflex a.(*both travel through Quadrangular space)

2. Spiral groove/radial groove: Radial n., deep brachial a (both in triangular interval)

3. Supracondylar region: Median n. (*anterior elbow joint; lat hand/digits 1-3)

*if fracture distal ends displaces anteriorly

1. Medial epicondyle: Ulnar n. (*”funny bone”; compress against med epi; med hand/digits 4-5)

list the muscle types and skeletal muscle types

3 Types of Muscles

1. Cardiac muscle

2. Smooth muscle

3. Skeletal muscle

7 Types of Skeletal Muscles

1. Flat

2. Fusiform

3. Pennate (Uni, bi, and multipennate)

4. Convergent

5. Quadrate

6. Circular (sphincteral)

7. Multiheaded/multibellied

3 types of muscle

Cardiac

-the myocardium (*heart muscle)

-autonomic control (*beats on own)

Smooth

-in the GI tract

-autonomic control (*digest on own)

Skeletal

-part of the locomoter system

-somatic/voluntary control

flat muscle

-parallel fibers, often with a falt tendinous sheath (aponeurosis)

-ex=abdominal obliques; rhomboids

Fuisiform muscle

-thick belly, tapers both ends

-these are very common muscle types

-ex= Biceps brachii

Pennate muscles

-more muscle fibers to surface area increases force of contraction (*mechanical advantage)

-unipennate: 1 central tendon and fibers off 1 side; ex=extensor digitorum

-bipennate: fibers off both sides 45 degrees; ex=dorsal interossei

-multipennate: multiple plumes in body; ex=deltoid

Convergent muscle

-originate from a broad area, converge to a single tendon

-ex=latts (force exerted from multiple directions bc extend w/ posterior origin, IR w/ anterior origin, etc.)

Quadrate muscle

-four equal sides

-ex=pronator quadratus

circular muscle

-constrict a body opening

-ex=orbicularis oris; orbiculars oculi

multiheaded muscle

-multiple points of origin, usually one insertion

-ex=triceps brachii

*note: muscles can fall into multiple categories, but if pennate only 1 type of pennate

shoulder muscle table

list the rotator cuff muscles

-supraspinatus

-infraspinatus

-teres minor

-subscapularis

rotator cuff functions

rotator cuff injury

-supraspinatus tendon most commonly torn rotator cuff tendon

suprascapular artery and nerve

-Artery is superior to transverse scapular ligament
-Nerve is inferior
 *“Army over Navy!”

muscle table: elbow flexion and extension

biceps + triceps origin and the shoulder joint

proximal radio-ulnar joint

-Head of radius sits in the radial notch of the ulna

-The annular ligament holds the radial head in place

distal radio-ulnar joint

-head of the ulna sits in the ulnar notch of the radius

-what type of synovial joint are the radio-ulnar joints?

-what actions are possible at the radio-ulnar joints

-what forearm bone stays fixed during pronation and supination?

-pivot joints

-pronation and supination

-ulna

pronation and supination muscle table