Women & Gender Quiz 1

Ethnocentrism refers to the tendency to

judge other groups from the values and lenses of one’s own group membership.

The psychology of women and gender is a subfield of psychology that focuses

on the lives of girls and women, and looks at how gender affects all people, including those who identify as men, as trans, and/or as gender nonbinary.

The definition of feminism, according to bell hooks, is described as

a movement to end sexism, sexist exploitation, and oppression.

Which of the following most accurately describes how a feminist psychologist’s approach to scholarship differs from the traditional approach to general psychology?

Feminist psychologists recognize that a researcher’s values affect how we conceptualize and research human behavior.

Dr. Mamie Phipps Clark’s research and work in psychology helped to do which of the following?

establish that social science could be used as evidence for cases presented to the Supreme Court

How did the feminist activism that induced the APA to prohibit sexual contact between therapists and clients lead to social changes?

The public understood the harm of sexual exploitation specifically by therapists.

Which of the following research topics would a feminist psychologist be MOST interested in investigating?

how poverty interferes with access to prenatal care

The right to vote remains a vital issue for feminist activists. In 2013, the Supreme Court rejected key aspects of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and after 2020, some states passed laws creating additional barriers to voting access for many people, including women

of color

How have feminist psychologists approached their scholarship in the earlier years, prior to 2000, or in more contemporary times, after 2000?

Most contemporary feminist psychologists rely heavily on an intersectional feminist framework to center the needs and experiences of women, trans people, nonbinary people, people of color and others whose experiences have not traditionally been centered in psychological studies.

How does the U.S. Supreme Court’s Dobbs decision impact people who are pregnant?

When abortion is illegal in a given state, a person who miscarries or who has an ectopic pregnancy may be denied medical treatment.

The term __________ refers to the idea that no woman is just a woman. She also has a combination of social identities and locations (that includes factors such as age, ethnicity, sexual orientation, ability, status, class) that are connected to different types of oppressive systems (e.g., racism, classism, homophobia, etc.).

intersectionality

Heteronormativity refers to the

assumption that all people are heterosexual, and that sex characteristics are binary with aligning gender roles.

Liberal feminism primarily focuses on

the similarities between women and men, and using governmental policies to rectify gender inequalities.

Which statement BEST illustrates the problems in what Orenstein describes as the “half-changed world”?

Girls and women have more opportunities now than they have ever had, so people may assume there’s no longer any need to focus on gender-based and intersectional biases.

Which of the following is the most accurate description of “scientific racism” as described by the text?

biased researchers collected and interpreted data to justify the supposed superiority of white men compared to white women and all people of color

As described in the text, in the late 19th century emergence of psychology, which of the following was used as “scientific” evidence of the cognitive inferiority of women relative to men?

women’s smaller, lighter brains

Which of the following statements about women’s investment in personal appearance is most accurate?

Women who wear makeup are perceived to be more reliable, capable, and trustworthy in the workplace than women who don’t.

Gender essentialism is the belief that

women and men are fundamentally different because of unchanging factors in biology and genetics.

According to Orenstein’s (2000) concept of the “half-changed world,” it is important to

examine who benefits from feminist gains and if these gains actually provide equity.

Which of the following defines structural inequalities?

The stratification within organizations, institutions, and governments that maintain unequal access to education, employment, family, and other opportunities.

Instead of focusing on “waves” of feminism, some have suggested that we instead think of feminism in terms of a kaleidoscope. According to the text, why does this change in focus suggest that idea?

The kaleidoscope is complex and dynamic, and while every color remains present, the visible colors and patterns shift, reflecting our influences and perspectives.

Which wave of feminism included the following noteworthy events? The Seneca Falls Convention; the emphasis on women gaining the right to vote; and Sojourner Truth’s “Ain’t I a Woman?” address, which critiqued how Black women were not protected with basic human rights, including freedom from physical and emotional pain and abuse.

first wave

Feminist approaches to producing knowledge and awareness are particularly important to the psychology of women and feminist psychology because they

encourage researchers to be cognizant of their own biases and influences, and they determine how this will impact research on the lives of marginalized groups, girls, and women.

Socialist feminism emphasizes the link between __________ and __________.

gender oppression; capitalism

Which of the following individuals most clearly expresses views aligned with “crip theory”?

Tanisha, who believes that it’s problematic to view visible, physical disabilities as more or less legitimate than other, less visible forms of disability

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of queer feminism?

a focus on gender as a core attribute, rather than as an idea that is expressed

Which is contested as a legitimate “wave” of feminism, and is marked by the use of social media campaigns such as the Me Too movement, the Women’s March on Washington, and the U.S. Supreme Court’s legalization of same-sex marriage?

fourth wave

Which of the following is TRUE about third world feminism?

It values interconnected, cross-cultural differences and critiques organizations in powerful countries that impose values without lived experience and knowledge of feminism from within another culture

According to the text, one reason the well-being of girls and women in the workplace is still at risk is because

women are often asked to do non-paid labor or menial tasks, such as organizing meetings, serving as note-taker, and planning office parties, unlike their male peers.

Alix was assigned female at birth, but does not identify as female or male, and uses the pronoun “they.” Alix’s girlfriend completely supports their identity, and the couple challenges binary classifications both separately and while together. Which feminist perspective best describes Alix’s experience?

queer feminism

During the __________ wave of feminism, the Combahee River Collective formed a diverse coalition to prioritize the needs of women of color and to create a mission statement focused on addressing all racial, gender, sexual, and class oppressions.

second

The main benefit in using the metaphor of “waves” for describing feminists’ progress is that this metaphor

is already familiar to most people who think about the history of feminism.

Which of the following is true regarding the Redstockings protests of the 1968 and 1969 Miss America pageants?

It was a symbolic protest of items of oppression including bras, cosmetics, and high heels.

Patricia has cerebral palsy, a type of physical disability. She is more likely to face degradation due to her economic and social realities, which include poverty, lack of accessible housing, and very limited workplace opportunities. She is also more likely to be physically or sexually mistreated by a partner. This scenario is an example of

oppression

Which of the following best describes lesbian feminism?

It is a subgroup of radical feminism that focuses on sexuality and reproduction as central to experiences of oppression.

Alice Walker (1983) coined the term __________, an identity label that stems from the experiences of Black women and other women of color, that encompasses feminism but doesn’t prioritize sexism over other forms of oppression.

womanist

Which of the following statements about radical feminism is the MOST accurate?

Radical feminists disagree about the role of trans rights in feminism; some exclude the concerns of trans women in the fight against patriarchy while others support trans women and trans rights.