Causes and Effects of Revolutions

Constitutional Monarchy

Government where monarch shares power with Parliament.

Bill of Rights

Document enhancing Parliament's power and protecting rights.

American Revolution

Conflict leading to U.S. independence from Britain.

Republic

Form of government elected by citizens.

Dictatorship

Government controlled by a single leader.

Restored Monarchy

Return of a monarch after a revolution.

Constitution

Framework establishing the U.S. republican government.

Revolutionary Ideals

Principles promoting political and social equality.

Mercantilist Policies

Trade regulations benefiting the mother country.

Free Enterprise

Economic system with minimal government intervention.

French Revolution

Uprising leading to the end of monarchy in France.

Feudal System

Social structure based on land ownership and service.

Colonial Rule

Control exerted by a foreign power over territories.

Representative Government

Political system where officials are elected to represent people.

Military Control

Governance dominated by armed forces.

Wealthy Control

Economic power held by upper social classes.

Plantation System

Agricultural system relying on large estates and labor.

Class System

Social hierarchy determining wealth and power distribution.

Expectations for Equality

Anticipation of equal rights and opportunities post-revolution.

Divine Right

King's belief in absolute authority from God.

Dissolution of Parliament

King's action to disband legislative body.

Guarantee of Freedoms

Parliament's demand for protection of rights.

Taxation without Approval

Levying taxes without Parliament's consent.

Puritan Reforms

Changes sought by Puritans in governance.

Fear of Catholicism

Parliament's concern over James II's religion.

Mercantilism

Economic policy favoring trade surplus.

Colonial Tyranny

Colonists' accusation against British leadership.

Rights of English Citizens

Colonists' demand for equal rights.

Defense Costs

Expectation for colonies to fund military.

American Identity

Colonists' growing sense of being American.

Independence

Colonists' accustomed self-governance.

Enlightenment Ideas

Philosophies promoting equality and liberty.

Third Estate

Commoners seeking political representation in France.

Weak Ruler

Louis XVI's inability to govern effectively.

Royal Extravagance

Lavish spending contributing to national debt.

Inflation and Famine

Economic issues causing social unrest.

High Taxes

Peasants' burden of excessive taxation.

Social Hierarchy

Resentment towards privileges of higher estates.

Napoleon's Conquest

Trigger for revolts in Latin America.

Educated Creoles

Spreaders of Enlightenment ideas in colonies.