Biology Test 3

How does energy flow in an ecosystem?

What are two important metabolic pathways in ecosystems? Briefly describe each.

What is cellular respiration used for?

What is the overall reaction for cellular respiration?

What organelle is an important part of cellular resp.?

What are oxidation

reduction reactions?

How does an electron transport chain work?

Why is the movement of hydrogens important to follow in oxidation

reduction and electron transport?

What are NAD+ and FAD? What is their function?

Why is energy released slowly in steps rather than all at once in cellular resp.?

What are the 3 stages of cellular resp.?

Where does each occur in the cell?

What happens in each (starting substances and ending substances)?

In which stage is most of the ATP formed?

What is the difference between substrate

level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation?

Which stages of cellular resp. require oxygen to occur?

Why is the citric acid cycle a cycle?

Which process, electron transport or chemiosmosis, actually forms ATP?

In which stage is the glucose completely oxidized?

Where are the molecules of the electron transport chain (for cellular resp.) located?

What molecule is the final electron acceptor (end of chain)?

How is the H+ gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane established?

What is chemiosmosis?

How is most of the ATP formed in cellular resp.?

How many ATP are formed per glucose molecule during cellular resp.?

What other pathways can some cells use to form ATP?

What types of organisms use these pathways?

What is fermentation?

What is the difference between alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation?

How much ATP is formed in either type of fermentation?

Why is so much less ATP formed in fermentation pathways?

Can your cells use fermentation? Explain.

How are cellular respiration and fermentation alike? How do they differ?

What molecules besides glucose do cells use for cellular resp.?

How are these broken down to form ATP? Is more or less ATP formed?

What else do cells use fuels (food) for?

How is cellular resp. regulated by the cell?

What process converts solar energy to chemical energy? Why is this process so important to ecosystems?

What is an autotroph? Give examples.

What is a heterotroph? Give examples.

What is the overall reaction for photosynthesis?

What organelle is important in photosynthesis?

What part of a plant is the main site of photosynthesis?

What happens at the stomata?

Describe the structure of the chloroplast.

What is chlorophyll? Where is it found? What is its function?

What are the two parts of photosynthesis? Where in the chloroplast does each occur?

What is the purpose of the light reactions?

What is the purpose of the Calvin cycle?

What type of energy is light? What portion of the light spectrum is used in photosynthesis?

What is the function of pigments? Why is this important in photosynthesis?

What pigments are found in the thylakoid of plants?

How does absorbed light energy affect electrons?

Describe a photosystem? Where are they located in the chloroplast?

Describe the basic flow of electrons during the light reactions.

How is ATP produced by photophosphorylation?

What is NADP? What is its role in photosynthesis?

When the light reactions are completed has sugar been produced?

How is oxygen gas produced during photosynthesis?

What is the name of the sugar molecule produced directly during photosynthesis?

Describe the basic steps of the Calvin cycle. Why is it called a cycle?

Does the Calvin cycle require light? Explain.

How many molecules of CO2 are needed to produce one molecule of G3P?

What happens to the sugar produced in photosynthesis?

Besides providing food for the plant, what are some other benefits of photosynthesis?

Compare and contrast cellular respiration and photosynthesis.