AICE History Study Guide new

What were the key causes leading to the U.S. Civil War?

Failed compromises, growing sectional tensions, and the Election of 1860.

What significant action did Abraham Lincoln achieve during the Election of 1860?

He won by securing all Republican votes.

Which political party represented the North and opposed the expansion of slavery?

The Republican Party.

What was the Southern euphemism for slavery referred to in historical discussions?

Peculiar Institute.

What was the Missouri Compromise?

It established the 36'30' line, designating free and slave states.

What was the primary belief behind Manifest Destiny?

The belief in the U.S.'s divine right to control North America.

What does popular sovereignty mean in the context of slavery?

Settlers decide on the legality of slavery in their territories.

What event exemplified violent conflict over slavery in Kansas?

Bleeding Kansas.

What was the outcome of the Dred Scott Case?

It denied citizenship to African Americans and strengthened the Slave Power Conspiracy.

What was significant about the Lecompton Constitution?

It was a pro-slavery constitution proposed in Kansas.

What was the turning point of the Civil War that stopped General Lee's advance North?

The Battle of Gettysburg.

What military strategy did Ulysses S. Grant embrace during the Civil War?

War of Attrition.

What role did William Sherman play in the Civil War?

He captured Atlanta, weakening the Confederate war effort.

What was one of the critiques of Lincoln's actions during the Civil War?

Suspension of Habeas corpus and accusations of absolute power.

What was the impact of the Emancipation Proclamation?

It made the war about moral issues of slavery and allowed recruitment of Black soldiers.

What did the 13th Amendment accomplish?

It abolished slavery.

How did sharecropping affect African Americans post-Civil War?

It kept them in a cycle of debt.

What group emerged in response to Reconstruction efforts to intimidate African Americans?

The Ku Klux Klan (KKK).

What was the aim of Lincoln's 10 Percent Plan?

To reunite the Union with minimal punishment for the South.

Who were the Radical Republicans?

They supported harsh punishment for the South and advocated for African American rights.

What was a significant foreign influence during the Civil War?

Great Britain and France financed the Confederates.

What was the Fugitive Slave Act?

It required the return of escaped slaves to their owners.

What fueled sectional tensions leading to the Civil War?

Economic differences between the industrial North and the agricultural South.

What did the Compromise of 1850 accomplish?

California was admitted as a free state, and Utah/New Mexico had no slavery restrictions.

How did the Republican Party form?

It formed from divisions within the Whig Party over slavery issues.

What role did John Brown's raid play in the lead-up to the Civil War?

It increased sectional tension and demonstrated the need for a strong Republican candidate.

What did the Wilmot Proviso aim to accomplish?

To ban slavery in territories acquired from Mexico.

What was the core argument of secessionists after Lincoln's election?

Defense of states' rights versus federal authority.

What was the initial conflict representing the start of the Civil War?

The first shots fired at Fort Sumter.

What did the term 'Yankees' refer to during the Civil War?

Northerners.

What challenges did both sides face in terms of military leadership?

Both had issues with unpreparedness and training their forces.

What was a major consideration in the Southern perspective on secession?

The fear that the end of slavery would be imminent.

What constitutional amendments were passed during Reconstruction?

The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments.

What was the significance of the Freedman’s Bureau?

It helped African Americans with jobs and education.

Who was Andrew Johnson, and what was his stance during Reconstruction?

He was lenient towards the South and opposed black suffrage.

What was the significance of the Election of 1864?

Lincoln's victory signified support for the war's continuation and Reconstruction.

Which military leader's strategies helped the Union regain momentum in the Civil War?

Ulysses S. Grant.

What were the Civil War's impacts on women's roles in society?

Women took jobs typically held by men during wartime.

What was the Jim Crow Laws' impact post-Reconstruction?

They enforced racial segregation in the South.

What was the primary goal of the Civil War for the Union?

To preserve the Union and end the expansion of slavery.

How did nativism manifest in American society during this period?

By promoting the idea that native-born Americans had more rights than immigrants.

What major military tactic did both the Union and Confederacy employ during the war?

Conscription and recruitment of large armies.