Chapter 8

Employment opportunities

________ may dry up, creating unemployment and poverty.

Experts

________ believe that agriculture in Africa probably began by 6000 B.C.

Scientists

________ can piece together a picture of life in West Africa as early as 500 B.C.

Settlements

________ expanded because reliable food supplies led to longer, healthier lives and an increased birth rate.

Kingdom of Aksum

The ________ reached its height between A.D. 325 and 360, when a strong ruler named Ezana occupied the throne.

Aksum

________ was the only known African kingdom to have developed a written language.

Environmental conditions

________ may change, causing famine or depleted natural resources.

humans

The first ________ appeared in the Great Rift Valley, a deep gash in the Earths crust that runs through the floor of the Red Sea and across eastern Africa.

port city of Adulis

What was particularly cosmopolitan? Answer with a single words or term.

Nok artifacts

________ have been found in an area stretching for 300 miles between the Niger and Benue rivers.

Few African societies

________ had written languages.

oldest objects

The ________ found there dated from 250 B.C,

Animism

________: a religion in which spirits play an important role in regulating daily life.

Migration

________: a permanent move from one country or region to another.

Redistribution of the population

There were effects to migration, both positive and negative: ________ may change population density.

Evidence of Iron production

________ was dated to around 500 B.C.

Terraces

This increased the productivity of their land. ________ helped the soil retain water and prevented its being washed downhill in heavy rains.

Grain

To survive the dry land many moved east into the Nile Valley and south into West Africa. Some also moved to the savannas. ________ grew well in the savannas.

Scientists

________ discovered hundreds of thousands of artifacts.

Aksum

Eventually ________ became isolated from other Christian settlements.