TExES Agriculture Food and Natural Resources 6-12 (272) Practice Exam

Morrill Act of 1862

Land-Grant College Act

Clark-McNary Act

enlarging and improving national forests

Vocational Act of 1963

expansion and redirection of vocational education

Smith-Hughes Act

established vocational agriculture coarses

Matrix Organization

pressure for shared resources

Project Organization

facilitates the coordination and implementation of a project activity

Functional Organization

divided into small groups by specialty

Departmental Organization

reporting relationships that are based mainly on function

Monopolistic Competition

spends the most on advertising to differentiate its project

Perfect Competition

everything is perfect where buyers and sellers have little influence

Monopoly

exclusive control of the supply

Oligopoly

limited competition where market is shared

Fertilizer numbers

N-P-K

Soil Cation-Exchange Capacity Increased

small, negatively charged particles increase

Cambium

tissue that produces xylem and phloem

Xylem

transports water and dissolved minerals up from the roots

Epidermis

outermost layer of cells covering the leaves

Phloem

plant tissue that carries food throughout a plant

Osmosis

movement of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane fro a region of higher water concentration to lower

Capillary Action

movement of water within spaces of porous material

Transpiration

evaporation of water into the atmosphere from the leaves of plants

Respiration

process that oxidizes organic compounds, releasing energy that is used in metabolic processes

Gestation

time period when animal is pregnent

Parturition

labor and delivery

Estrus

time period of sexual excitability where female is capable of conceiving

Ovulation

time period when ovum is released

Clean soldering iron

scraping tip against wet sponge

Slump Test

tests the consistency of concrete

Concrete Cylinder Compression Test

test the strength of concrete

Strip Test

test the curing time

Food web consumers

exhibit heterotrophic mode of nutrition

Lacey Act of 1900

banned interstate transportation and sale of illegal wildlife

Fish and Wildlife Act of 1956

established fish policies

Pittman-Robertson Act of 1937

created and excise tax that funds each state to manage wildlife habitates

1973 Endangered Species Act

provided for conservation of ecosystems that endangered animals live in

Processing

physical function in agricultural marketing system

Road Side Farmers Market

example of retail martket

Edible Landscaping

Specialized form of gardening where ornamental plants are replaced by plants that have some food use

Xeriscaping

a method of landscaping that uses plants that are well adapted to the local area and are drought resistant.

Hardscaping

the permanent landscaping structures, including fences, patios, walks, driveways, retaining walls, and other inanimate features in the landscape.

Rambouillet

Wool breed developed in France and Germany from Merino breed

Southdown Sheep

england

medium wool

meat breed

oldest sheep breed, imported in 1803

medium to small sized with light brown face and legs

produce meat and light weight carcass

low maintence

average prolificacy and milk production

Suffolk Sheep

medium. head, ears, and legs are free from whole. no white on head, full black head.

Landrace Pig

1. Denmark origin

2. Physical characteristics

a. Down ears

b. Solid white

Berkshire Swine

Paternal breed; black with 6 white markings, erect ears

Hampshire Pig

1. English breed

2. Known for outstanding carcass characteristics

3. Physical characteristics

a. Erect ears

b. Black with white belt

Poland China Swine

Paternal Breed; black with multiple white markings, droopy ears

Simmental

Originally developed in Switzerland for meat, milk and draft. Now noted for high

growth rate, milking ability, and carcass cutability.

Charolais (beef)

Origin: West Central to Southern-Eastern part of France

Color: White or creamy white

Characteristics: Hardy

Long bodies

Heavily muscled coins and haunches

Good grazing

Horned

Brahman cattle

Originated from Bos Indies, cattle originally brought from India. Cattle have adapted/developed adaptation of survival.

Guernsey Cow

milk breed

island off coast of france

breed developed in 960 A.D.

dual purpose (butterfat and lbs prod)

20-30% more feed to milk efficient

came to U.S. in 1840

Brown Swiss

Dairy Cattle

Milking Shorthorn

dairy

Subcutaneous injection

injection into the subcutaneous tissue that lies between the epidermis and the muscle

intramuscular injection

the administration of medication by injection directly into muscle tissue

Forest land

ecosystem that occupies the most acreage in the US

Well managed farm pond for fish production

enough phytoplankton so that the water has a green tint

USDA quality grades for eggs

AA

A

B

staminate flower

has stamens but no pistils

receptacle

The base of a flower; the part of the stem that is the site of attachment of the floral organs.

Pork product

most elastic compared to water, bread, and salt

Local FFA Chapter

can award the Greenhand Degree and Chapter Degree

Robert's Rule of Order

motions must be taken in order of priority, or precedence.

Order of Business

usual agenda that an organization iwll foloow in conducting its meetings

Order of the Day

privileged motion used when the agenda is not being followed

Point of Order

Incidental motion used to correct a parliamentary error

Clostridium botulinum

spore-forming anaerobe; commonly inhabits soil and water

produces a potent neurotoxin that caused food-borne botulism

Likely outcome of Genetically modified plants

Biotechnology companies will patent new varieties of plants

A grayish, milky fluid

Indicates water in a hydraulic system

bloat

accumulation of gas in the digestive tract

Natural Seeding

is the least expensive method to replace harvested trees

petroleum

natural resource, most depended on in US for farm use

flow of energy in an ecosystem

energy flow between trophic levels is inefficient

Permeability

ability of air and water to pass through subsoil

Sand

the coarsest soil, with large particles 0.05,2.0 mm in diameter.

respiration

The process by which cells break down simple food molecules to release the energy they contain.

oxidation

The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.

Condensation

The change of state from a gas to a liquid

effective depth

maximum depth that plant roots can readily penetrate without encountering a restrictive soil layer

Soil structure

the arrangement of soil particles

Green Revolution

Agricultural revolution that increased production through improved seeds, fertilizers, and irrigation; helped to support rising Asian populations.

Beater

device on combine for threshing (separating) grain from straw and chaff

Net Income

(sale price - purchase price) - ( cost of corn + cost of hay)

Which is the correct National FFA mission statement?

The National FFA Organization id dedicated to making a positive difference in the lives of students by developing their potential for premier leadership, personal growth and career success through agricultural education

What is the purpose of a lesson plan?

Lesson plans help the teacher outline the lesson and stay on task.

A research scientist is studying the crop of an organism’s digestive system. Which group of animals does this scientist study?

Avian

With the rapidly growing human population, it is no surprise that increasing the food supply has become a major topic of concern. Many biotechnological advances have been developed to increase food supply. A greenhouse farmer in the southeast who grows tomatoes is shipping the majority of his crop to European countries. What biotechnology would he most likely be interested in?

GMOs with longer shelf life

Global positioning systems (GOS) and f=geographic information systems (GIS) are two relatively new pieces of technology. GPS is more commonly known, whereas GIS is not as well-known. Which is NOT a function of GIS?

Locating Positions

A landscaping company is purchasing fertilizer for their summer business. They typically purchase an 18-8-10  blend of fertilizer that comes in manageable 10 lb bags. They estimate that they will need 80 lb of phosphorus.  How many bags of fertilizer will they need?

100 bags

The graph illustrates a population growth chart for a population of whitetail deer in a given area.  A pack of wolves is released into the same area.  Where on the graph is the carrying capacity reached?

Along the dotted line

At a soil judging competition,  the soil in one pit is moderately well-drained clay loam with no rock fragments. There is a fragipan at 26 in.  Calculate the available water-holding clay capacity for this pit. 

5.20

A cow producer is choosing a new bull to use with his first calf heifers in her Angus breeding operation. She is given the following expected progeny differences (EPD) information: 

Based on the information in the EPD table, which is the most productive bull for the operation?

Bull 2

A boar stud Farm is implementing a new biosecurity plan to protect its boar herd from contracting disease and minimizing the spread of pathogens. The following items are being proposed to implement in the biosecurity plan.  Identify the item that does NOT fall under biosecurity planning.

When pigs leave the farm, they are moved onto the trailer at night and transported in cool weather to minimize pathogen growth.

Many plants can reproduce asexually, without gamete fertilization taking place.  asexual reproduction can take place either by vegetative reproduction or apomixis.  Which is a correctly paired asexual reproduction type and example?

ginger — rhizome

Abiotic and Biotic factors both contribute to an ecosystem. To survive, biotic factors require abiotic factors. Biotic factors can also limit other biotic factors in an ecosystem. An example of a(n) _______ factor would be a(n)________.

abiotic ; edaphic factor

Circuit breakers are the load Center for the electrical circuits in homes and buildings. They are often called breaker boxes.  Which statement is NOT true about breaker boxes?

Arc-fault circut interrupter (AFCI) breakers protect an entire circut from the ground faults.

There are four levels of membership within the National FFA organization.  Which is available to students at post-secondary schools with active FFA chapters?

Collegiate

 Young plants absorb nitrogen in the form of ammonium more readily than they do nitrate. However,  older plants absorb nitrate faster than ammonium.  A farmer tests the soil to see which type of nitrogen needs to be added to the field and finds a large amount of ammonium and little nitrate.  Explain why there could be less nitrate in the field.

Ammonia is not being nitrified by bacteria, possibly due to antibiotics coming into contact with the soil and killing the nitrifying bacteria.

Of the following, which food preparation(s) is/are LEAST likely to cause food-borne illnesses?

Overcooked meats and produce

What does SAE stand for?

Supervised Agricultural Experience