History of Physical Activity

Vocabulary flashcards reviewing key historical figures, organizations, publications, research methods, and time periods from Chapter 4: History of Physical Activity.

Goals of History of Physical Activity

To identify and describe patterns of change and stability in physical activity in particular societies or cultures during specific periods, and to analyze such patterns to explain why certain things occurred.

Edward Hartwell

Author of the 1899 report 'On Physical Training', which was one of the few historical efforts in physical activity prior to the 1960s.

Paxson

Historian who posited in 1917 that the close of the frontier meant sport provided a 'safety valve' function.

America Learns to Play: History of Popular Recreation

A 1940 work by Dulles showing sport's importance for pleasure and democracy.

Betts vs. Boyle Debate

A post-World War II debate addressing whether sport bound people together in an active way (Betts) or merely reflected society (Boyle).

NCPEAM

National College Physical Education Association for Men (formerly CPEA), where Eyler, Staley, and Zeigler developed a sport history section in 1962 whose Proceedings became an important published record.

North American Society for Sport History (NASSH)

An organization established in 1972 that led to greater focus on gender, regional histories outside North America, and sport historians outside physical education.

Modernization Theory

A research framework explaining the rise of modern sport during the Industrial Revolution as U.S. society shifted from agricultural economies to city-based industries rooted in science and technology.

From Ritual to Record: The Nature of Modern Sports

A 1978 book written by Guttmann related to modernization theory in physical activity history.

Human Agency

A historical research concept grounded in the idea that people are actively involved in developing or constructing their sports.

Postmodernism (in Physical Activity History)

A research perspective that moved physical activity historical scholarship from descriptive social histories to new analyses of texts, rituals, and meanings.

Source Critique Rules

Rules used by historians to evaluate primary and secondary evidence, consisting of authenticity, credibility, rule of context, rule of perspective, and rule of omission or free editing.

SHAPE America

The current name of the organization formed in 1885 as the American Association for the Advancement of Physical Education.

Golden Age of Sport

Refers to the 1920s, a period marked by high popularity of competitive sport and the introduction of the first doctoral degree programs in physical education.

National Athletic Trainers' Association

A professional association for athletic trainers formed in 1950.

American Women's Physical Therapeutic Association

An organization formed in 1921 by WWI reconstruction aides, known today as the American Physical Therapy Association.

Harvard Fatigue Laboratory

A research laboratory that contributed to the growth of exercise science research during the late 1920s and 1930s.

Title IX of the Educational Amendments of 1972

Section 1681 stating that no person in the U.S. shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.

Franklin Henry

Author of the landmark 1964 JOPERD paper titled 'Physical Education: An Academic Discipline'.