[Anatomy 001] Lecture 2 Exam

What are the three components of the axial skeleton?

skull

vertebral column

thoracic cage

How many bones are there in the skull?

22

How many cranial bones are there?

8

How many facial bones are there?

14

What are the cranial bones and input how many there are (ex. 2 bones or 1 bone)

2 temporal

2 parietal

1 frontal

1 occipital

1 sphenoid

1 ethmoid

What are the facial bones and input how many there are (ex. 2 bones or 1 bone)

2 maxillae

2 zygomatic

2 nasal

2 lacrimal

2 palatine

2 inferior nasal conchae

1 mandible

1 vomer

What are the two features of the frontal bone?

supraorbital margin

glabella

What cranial bone is the hypoglossal canal a part of?

occipital

What cranial bone is the optic canal and superior orbital fissure a part of?

sphenoid

What is another name for mandibular condyle?

condylar process

Is there a mandibular foramen?

yes

What facial bone contains the horizontal plate and the perpendicular plate?

palatine

What are the 7 bones that form the orbital cavity?

frontal

sphenoid

ethmoid

maxilla

palatine

zygomatic

lacrimal

What cranial bone is considered a keystone bone?

sphenoid

What facial bone is considered a keystone bone?

maxilla

What are the 2 bones that form the nasal septum?

vomer and ethmoid’s perpendicular plate

Does the foramen magnum connect to the inferior or superior end of the spinal cord?

superior

What bone does the occipital condyles articulate with to allow nodding?

atlas

What gland is found at the sella turcica?

pituitary gland

What part of the atlas receives the occipital condyles?

superior articular facets

What part of the axis allows us to shake our heads no?

dens

What is scoliosis?

abnormal lateral thoracic structure

How many bones are there in the adult vertebral column?

26

What is the function of the spine’s curvatures?

increase resilience/elasticity of the spine

What are the 4 curvatures of the spine?

cervical

lumbar

thoracic

sacral

Which two spine curvatures are concave posteriorly?

cervical

lumbar

Which two spine curvatures are convex posteriorly?

thoracic

sacral

What are the primary curvatures? Are they present at birth?

thoracic, sacral, yes

What are the secondary curvatures? Are they present at birth?

cervical, lumbar, no

Which of the 3 types of vertebrae is the only one to have transverse foramen?

cervical

Which of the 3 types of vertebrate is the only one to have superior, transverse, and inferior costal facets?

thoracic

What are the 4 components that make up the thoracic cage?

thoracic vertebrae

paired ribs

sternum

costal cartilage

What are fontanelles? Are they separated by unossified remnants of membranes?

incomplete skull bones, yes

What are the 4 fontanelles?

posterior

anterior

mastoid

sphenoidal

What is the largest fontanelle?

anterior

What are the 3 components of the appendicular skeleton?

pectoral girdle

pelvic girdle

limbs

What are the 2 bones that make up the pectoral girdle?

clavicle, scapula

What is another term for shoulder blade?

scapula

What are the names of the 3 borders in the scapula?

lateral border

medial border

superior border

What are the names of the 3 angles in the scapula?

lateral angle

inferior angle

superior angle

What is on the opposite side of the olecranon fossa?

coronoid fossa

Is there a such thing as the radial tuberosity?

yes

The femur has the ___ tuberosity

gluteal

What bone is the intercondylar eminence on?

tibia

What bone is the intercondylar fossa on?

femur

What is the significance of the glenoid cavity?

socket of shoulder joint

What is the significance of the trochlea?

where ulna attaches

What is the significance of the capitulum?

where radius attaches

What does the acetabulum hold?

head of femur

What is the significance of the femur’s neck?

fractures

What is the significance of the tibial tuberosity?

where patellar ligament attaches

What are the 2 components of the pelvic girdle?

os coxae

sacrum

What does the bony pelvis have that the pelvic girdle does not?

coccyx

Females have a lighter or heavier pelvis than males? Is it thinner or wider? Is it shallower or deeper?

lighter, wider, shallower

What is the shin bone?

tibia

What is the calf bone?

fibula

What are the 3 arches of the foot called? Put (tallest) next to the correct one.

medial longitudinal (tallest)

lateral longitudinal

transverse

What are the 3 types of fibrous joints?

gomphoses, sutures, syndesmoses

Which 2 fibrous joints are considered synarthroses? What is an example of each (put it in parentheses next to it)?

gomphoses (alveolar process)

sutures (coronal)

Which of the 3 fibrous joints is considered amphiarthroses?

syndesmoses (between radius and ulna)

What are the two types of cartilaginous joints?

synchondroses

symphyses

What kind of cartilage is in synchondroses? What two bones is it between?

hyaline

sphenoid, occipital

What kind of cartilage is in symphyeses? What two bones is it between?

fibrocartilage, pubic symphysis

What is another term for joint cavity?

articular cavity

What is a joint cavity?

space holding little synovial fluid

What is another term for articular capsule?

joint capsule

What is a joint capsule?

type of joint cavity enclosed in a 2-layered capsule

What are the 2 layers in the capsule that a joint capsule is surrounded by?

fibrous layer (of dense irregular CT)

synovial membrane (areolar and adipose CT)

What does the fibrous layer of a joint capsule do?

strengthens joint

What does the synovial membrane do?

makes synovial fluid

What is a bursa?

flattened fibrous sac lined with synovial membrane

What is a tendon sheath?

long bursa around tendon

What is synovial fluid?

What is it secreted by?

What kind of cartilage does it lubricate?

What does it nourish?

Does it act as a shock absorber?

glycoproteins

fibroblasts

articular

chondrocytes

yes

Are all synovial joints diarthroses?

yes

What is lateral flexion?

leaning left and right

What is the motion for lateral excursion?

What bone does it usually involve?

side to side

mandible

What kind of axial is a plane joint?

What are 2 examples of axial joints?

nonaxial

intertarsal, intercarpal

What kind of axial is a hinge joint?

What are 2 examples of axial joints?

uniaxial

humeroulnar, interphalangeal

What kind of axial is a pivot joint?

What are 2 examples of axial joints?

uniaxial

radioulnar, atlantoaxial

What kind of axial is a condylar joint?

What are 2 examples of axial joints?

biaxial

radiocarpal, metacarpophalangeal

What is another name for condylar joint?

ellipsoid joint

What kind of axial is a saddle joint?

What are 2 examples of axial joints?

biaxial

trapeziometacarpal, sternoclavicular

What kind of axial is a ball and socket joint?

What are 2 examples of axial joints?

multiaxial

glenohumeral, acetabulofemoral

What kind of joint is the TMJ?

hinge

What kind of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

saddle

What kind of joint is the glenohumeral/shoulder joint?

ball and socket

What kind of joint is the humeroulnar/elbow joint?

hinge

What 2 kinds of joints is the wrist joint?

condylar

plane

What kind of joint is the hip/acetabulofemoral joint?

ball and socket

What kind of joint is the knee/tibiofemoral joint?

hinge

What kind of joint is the ankle/talocrural joint?

hinge

The patellar tendon connects the ___ to the patella.

quadriceps

The patellar ligament connects the patella to the ___.

tibia

The ACL prevents ___ sliding of the ___.

anterior, tibia

The PCL prevents ___ sliding of the femur and ___ displacement of the tibia.

forward, posterior

How are circular fascicles arranged?

What is an example of one?

concentric

orbicularis oris

How are parallel fascicles arranged?

What is an example of one?

long axis parallel

rectus abdominis

How are convergent fascicles arranged?

What is an example of one?

triangular

pectoralis major

How are unipennate fascicles arranged?

What is an example of one?

same side of tendon

extensor digitorum

How are bipennate fascicles arranged?

What is an example of one?

both sides of tendon

rectus femoris