6.11 - reform in the gilded age

what allowed reform movements to gain strength in the late 19th century

development of an educated middle class, new social consciousness among middle class

progress and poverty

henry george, 1879, caused many people to look more critically at laissez-faire. book proposed an innovative solution to poverty: replacing all taxes with a single tax on land

looking backward, 2000-1887

edward bellamy, 1888, envisioned life in 2000 when a cooperative society had eliminated poverty, greed, crime

how were the books progress and poverty received by the public and critics

both were critized as utopians but both encourages followers and both encouraged a shift in american public opinion away from laissez faire and toward greater government regulation

social gospel

importance of applying christian principles to social problems by improving housing, wages, and public health measures. purpose behind belief: believed that addressing issues of poverty would enable people to find individual salvation. major leader: walter rauschenbusch

how did religious organizations and leaders adapt to the social and economic changes caused by the gilded age

moody bible institute encouraged traditional christianity in city life, salvation army preached christian gospel by providing basic necessities, social gospel applied christainity to social problems, rauschenbusch urged organized religious to take up the cause of social justice

settlement workers

description: civic-minded volunteers who created the foundation for the late job of social worker. political goals: child-labor laws, housing reform, women's rights

how did the social gospel movement differ from traditional chrisitian beliefs about social problems in america

the social gospel movement believed that addressing issues of poverty would enable people to find individual salvation, differing from the idea that focusing on individual salvation would lead to a society with fewer problems

national american woman suffrage association

leaders: elizabeth cady stanton + susan b anthony. goals: secure women's suffrage (voting)

women's christrian temperance union

leader: frances e willard. goal: advocated for total abstinence from alcohol

how did urban society affect the modern family

placed severe strains on parents + children by isolation them from extended family, divorce rates went up due to legislatures expanding the grounds for it, children became an economic liability in the city so birthrates plumeted

to what extent did women's rights improve during the gilded age

some states allowed women to vote in local elections and most allowed them to own and control property after marriage

anti-saloon league

persuaded 21 states by 1916 to close down all saloons and bars

realism

attempt to express and authentic american lifestyle

mark twain

his work revealed the greed, violence, racism in american society

naturalism

how emotions and experience shaped human experience

winslow homer

realism paintings of seascapes and watercolors, scenes of nature

thomas eakins

painted realistic surgical scenes and everyday lives of working class

ashcan school

social realists, painted scenes of everyday life in urban neighborhoods

chicago school of architecture

hallmark: form of a building flowed from its function

frank lloyd wright

developed an organic style of architecture that was in harmony with its natural surroundings

three books that demonstrate the naturalism movement in literature

maggie: girl of the streets, how a brutal urban environment could destroy the lives of young people. red badge of courage, fear and human nature on the civil war battlefield. chicago, sister carrie, about a poor working girl