NATURAL GAS PROCESSING EQUIPMENT

Natural Gas

A fossil fuel composed mainly of methane (CH4), formed from the decomposition of organic matter.

Thermogenic Methane

Natural gas formed deep beneath the Earth's surface under high temperature and pressure.

Biogenic Methane

Methane produced by tiny microorganisms called methanogens, typically found in areas with low oxygen.

Methanogenesis

The process by which methanogens produce methane.

Sedimentary Basins

Geological formations that trap larger reservoirs of natural gas.

Conventional Natural Gas

Natural gas that is economical to extract and easily accessible, trapped in permeable material.

Unconventional Natural Gas

Natural gas found in geological settings that are difficult or impractical to extract.

Hydraulic Fracturing (Fracking)

A process that splits open rock formations to release natural gas using high-pressure water.

Shale Gas

An unconventional gas source obtained from shale rock formations.

Coalbed Methane

Methane found along seams of coal, often released as a waste product during coal mining.

Geopressurized Zones

Areas beneath the Earth's surface where natural gas is trapped under high pressure.

Methane Hydrates

Solid structures of methane trapped within a lattice of ice, found in permafrost and ocean sediments.

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)

Natural gas cooled to -162°C to convert it into a liquid for easier storage and transportation.

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)

Natural gas stored under high pressure, mainly used as an alternative fuel for vehicles.

Compression Factor (Z)

The ratio of the volume of a gas at a specified pressure and temperature compared to the volume predicted by the ideal gas law.

Density (ρ)

The mass of natural gas per unit volume at specified pressure and temperature.

Molar Calorific Value (H)

The amount of heat released by the complete combustion of one mole of natural gas.

Superior Calorific Value (HS)

The amount of heat released by the combustion of all combustible components in a unit volume of natural gas.

Relative Density (d)

The ratio of the mass of natural gas to the mass of dry air at standard conditions.

Boyle’s Law

States that the volume of a gas varies inversely with its pressure when temperature remains constant.

Charles’ Law

States that the volume of a gas increases proportionately with an increase in temperature at constant pressure.

Combined Gas Law

Law combining Boyle's and Charles' laws, relating pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas.

Ideal Gas Law

A formula that relates the pressure, volume, temperature, and amount of gas in a system.

Reciprocating Compressor

A type of compressor that uses pistons to compress gas in a cylinder.

Screw Compressor

A type of positive displacement compressor that uses rotating screws to compress gas.