Psych 230 Sheep Brain Dissection Quiz

Central Nervous System (CNS)

brain and spinal cord

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

all the nerves that extend past brain and spinal cord (CNS)

Superior/Dorsal View

Anterior/Rostral View

side of brain your face is on

Posterior/Caudal View

Inferior/Ventral View

Lateral

Toward side of brain

Medial

Toward center of brain

Coronal Cut of Brain

moving from front to back

What direction does the coronal cut divide the brain into?

rostral to caudal

Sagittal Cut of Brain

moving from left to right

Horizontal Cut of Brain

moving from top to bottom

What direction does the horizontal cut divide the brain into?

dorsal to ventral

What protects the brain?

meningies, including:

dura mater (outermost, toughest), arachnoid (space within this layer is filled with CSF, and pia mater (adheres tightly to surface of brain)

Frontal Lobe Location

Parietal Lobe Location

Temporal Lobe Location

Occipital Lobe Location

Cerebellum Location

Frontal Lobe Responsibilities

higher cognitive processing, executive function

Parietal Lobe Responsibilities

touch, proprioception, speech

Temporal Lobe Responsibilities

speech, memory, hearing

Occipital Lobe Responsibilities

vision

Cerebellum Responsibilities

motor learning and balance

Gyrus/Gyri

ridges or raised portions of the convoluted cortex (hills)

Sulcus/Solci

furrows of the convoluted cortex (valleys)

Fissure

large groove that divides the brain into lobes

Longitudinal Fissure

separates the left and right hemispheres

Central Sulcus

separates the frontal and parietal lobes

Lateral Fissure

separates the frontal lobe from the temporal lobe, as well as the temporal lobe from the parietal lobe

Bundles of Axons in the PNS

nerves

Bundles of Axons in the CNS

tracts

Olfactory Bulbs Location

Optic Nerve Location

Optic Chiasm Location

Hypothalamus Location

Pons Location

Medulla Location

Spinal Cord Location

No picture for this one but it is located caudal to the pons and medulla

Infundibulum Location

rostral to hypothalamus, caudal to optic tract

Optic Tract Location

caudal to optic chiasm, rostral to infundibulum

Mammillary Bodies Location

caudal to hypothalamus, rostral to cerebral peduncle

Cerebral Peduncle Location

caudal to mammillary bodies

Superior Colliculus Location (Dorsal View)

Inferior Colliculus Location (Dorsal View)

Pineal Gland Location (Dorsal View)

4th Ventricle Location (Dorsal View)

Ventricles

hollow spaces in the brain that produce and circulate cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)

Lateral Ventricle Location

Third Ventricle Location (Sagittal View)

Cerebral Aqueduct of Sylvius Location

no good pic for this one but rostral to the 4th ventricle and caudal to the 3rd ventircle

4th Ventricle Location (Sagittal View)

no good pic but ventral to the cerebellum and rostral to the central canal

Central Canal Location

in spinal cord

Third Ventricle Location (Ventral View)

no good picture but very close to hypothalamus and infundibulum

What was the first cut we made on the brain?

A midsagittal cut along the longitudinal fissure

Corpus Callosum Location

Pineal Body/Gland Location

Superior Colliculus Location (Sagittal View)

ventral to pineal body, dorsal to interior colliculus

Inferior Colliculus Location (Sagittal View)

Arbor Vitae Location

Hypothalamus Location (Sagittal View)

Thalamus Location (Sagittal View)

Optic Chiasm Location (Sagittal View)

Fornix Location (Sagittal View)

Olfactory Bulb Location (Sagittal View)

Cingulate Gyrus Location (Sagittal View)

Septum Pellucidum Location (Sagittal View)

Mammillary Body Location (Sagittal View)

What would happen if the frontal lobe was damaged?

Issues with executive function such as personality and behavioral changes

What would happen if the parietal lobe was damaged?

Issues with perception, speech, and recognition.

What would happen if the temporal lobe was damaged?

Issues with speech and hearing, as well as memory.

What would happen if the occipital lobe was damaged?

Issues with vision (this is why vision can go black when a concussion is sustained)

Cingulate Gyrus Function

emotion and attention

Corpus Callosum Function

connects the left and right hemispheres

Septum Pellucidium Function

seperates left and right lateral ventricle

Lateral Ventricle Function

contains choroid plexus that produces CSF

Fornix Function

major axon projections from the hippocampus

Thalamus Function

relay station for sensory input except olfaction

Optic Chiasm Function

point at which visual info crosses over to the contralateral side before entering the occipital lobe

Hypothalamus Function

maintenance of homeostasis, 4 Fs: flight, fight, food, family

Mammillary Body Function

Memory

Pineal Gland Function

produces hormones, specifically melatonin

Cerebral Aqueduct function

connects third and fourth ventricles

Pons Function

has nuclei important for sleeping, swallowing, bladder control and sleep

Arbor Vitae Function

Lots of white matter to bring sensory and motor information to and from the cerebellum

4th ventricle Function

cushion the brain from trauma

Medulla Function

responsible for vital functions (usually autonomic) in the body (ex: sneezing, coughing, vomiting), monitor fluids

Brain Stem Function

connects your brain and spinal cord, regulates vital functions like breathing and balance

What makes CSF?

the choroid plexus

What was the second type of cut we performed on the sheep brains?

6 coronal cuts

Corpus Callosum Location (coronal view)

Major white matter tract

Lateral Ventricle Location (Coronal Location)

Caudate Nucleus (Coronal View)

Putamen Location (Coronal View)

Thalamus Location (Coronal View)

Third Ventricle Location (Coronal View)

Fornix Location (Coronal View)

What provides input to the thalamus?

sensory stimuli

Amygdala Location (Coronal View)

Body of Fornix Location (Coronal View)