Genetics Quiz #1

Which experiment showed that something was genetic material (he did not know it was DNA)

griffith experiment

Griffith experiment

This showed that DNA was genetic material, he did not know what it was and showed that it was a transforming principle.

What occurred with the different strains in the griffith experiemnt

Smooth strain was known to kill mice (unless heat was provided then it would not kill), Rough strain did not kill the mice. But when combing the living r strain with the heat S strain, it still killed the mice. This showed that transformation does occur and that it was heritable. Showed the transforming principle

What actually proved that DNA was the transforming principle, specifically?

Avery, Macleod, McCarty

What occurred with the Avery Macleod and Mcarty experiment

This experiemnt proced that DNA had the transformong pricniple. They did this by having certain molecules destroyed and seeing whether transformation had cocured. So when RNA and Protein were removed the tranformation occurred, but when DNA was removed the transformation did not happen

What was another experiment that proved DNA contained genetic material and not protein?

Hershey Chase

What was hershey chase experiement tryign to find?

They wanted to see when infected a bacterium, what carries geentic instruction the DNA or protein?

Hershey chase

They looked between Sulfur and Phosphate (DNA has phosphate in it). The sulfur stayed out and the phosphorus enetered the bacteira cell.

How do we know that DNA is universal and not just in bacteria?

Diploid cells contain twice amt of genetic info, UV light causes mutations, genetic engineering gives direct evidence

Is DNA the gentic material in every virus

No, sometimes RNA is used instead

Which epxeriment showed that RNA is genetic material for some viruses

Fraenkel conrat and singer

What is central dogrma

Shows the pathways. DNA to DNA is REPLICATION, DNA to RNA is trnascritpion, RNA to protein is translation

How is RNA different from DNA

contains uracil, has 2’ OH which makes it unstable compared to DNA, ribose sugar

Why si DNA neg charged

It contains phospahte group

Purines/Pyrimidines

A + G (2 rings), C + T (1 ring)

What is nucleoside

no phosphate groups, sugar and base

How are strands connected

phosphodiester bonds

Who created the Double helix

Watson and Crick

How did watson and crick gather evidence

They sued rosenthal xray diffraction which showed that DNA had a helical strucuture which supported sugar phosphate backbone. Basically for evidence they used chargaffs, rosehtal, and sugar phosphate

Which is normal form of DNA

B DNA and this is right handed

What type of DNA is dehydrated (water removed) and shorter?

A DNA

A DNA

dehydrated, shorter DNA

What has a zig zag, mainly C and G, left handed?

Z DNA

How many hydrogren bonds between the phosphate

A + T → 2 bonds, C + G → 3 bonds