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Chemical asphyxiant
Binds to Hb with 240x more affinity than 02.
FORMS CARBOXYHB
Main SOURCES
Cigarettes smoke
Vehicles
Workplace
OEL and BEI from the notes
50ppm for oel
8% COHB in blood end shift
Baseline COHB in smokers
5-7% with levels of 10% not unusual
Impact of ventilation
Resting can be 6% COHB at 50ppm over 8hours
Working can be 8% COHB at 50ppm over 8hours
CO reduces the max O2 consumption during exercise by the same % bound to hb
E.g COHB 5% leads to 5% decreased O2 consumption
Symptoms in sequence
Start at 10% - Headache
Followed by tinnitus and giddiness at 20%.
Mental clouding at 30%
Coma and death abover 35%
Fatal arrythmias at lower levels if underlying CVS disease
True
Risk factors for MI in CO
Hot environment, dehydrated, increased CO and O2 consumption e.g. firefighters
Half lifes
COHB 4 hours at room air
100% 02 face mask is 60 to 90min
Ventilation is 60min
18min HBOT
Do Ecg , cardiac enzymes and hospitalise at least 24hours if COHB is more than 25
True
Long term effects
CNS, severe headaches or even permanent. Usually better by 6 months
CO in pregnancy
Binds Strong to fetal hb
Prevention
Enclosed spaces
CO monitoring and oel
Ventilation
Smoking and sources of CO
Don't allow CVS and respiratory problem workers
SBCA
Information education training
CPR, 100% O2 available