Terms and regions of long bones

Prominence/Eminence/Projection

any protruding part from the surface of the bone; general term is

PROCESS

Depression

concavity from the surface of the bone

bonePerforation

any openings of the bone (either small or big)

Articular

articulates or contacts with other bones

Non-articular

do not articulates with other bones

Prominence and Depression

can be articular/non-articular

Head

rounded articular enlargement at the proximal end of the bone

Neck

constricted part that connects head and shaft

Condyle

cylindrical shape; present in distal extremity of humerus (2 epicondyle)

Facet

articular surfaces of small extent (not extremely convex/concave); most facet in bones is flat, esp. on vertebral facet: located in vertebrae

Tuberosity

opposite side of the head; large rounded non-articular projection

Tubercle

opposite side of the head; small rounded non-articular projection

Trochanter

applied to few non-articular projections; opposite side of femur head

Spine

a pointed non-articular projection

Line

very small ridge

Crest

prominently sharp ridge

Ridge

small somewhat sharp elongated projection

Trochlea

central depression and 2 ridges; distal extremity of femur; articulates with patella

Glenoid Cavity

shallow articular depressions; articulates with head of humerus

Cotyloid Cavity

also called as Acetabulum; deeper articular depression; articulates with head of femur

Fovea

small articular depressions; present in head of femur and also in atlas

Fossa

large non-articular depression

Groove

long, narrow non-articular depression;present in ribcage

Impression

depression cause by mechanical movement

ARTICULAR

PROJECTIONS

Head

Condyle

Facet

NON-ARTICULAR

PROJECTIONS

Tuberosity

Tubercle

Trochanter

Spine

Line

Crest

Ridges

ARTICULAR

DEPRESSIONS

Trochlea

Glenoid cavity

Cotyloid cavity/

Acetabulum

NON-ARTICULAR

DEPRESSIONS

Fossa

Groove

Sulcus

Impressions

Foramen

shorter opening; Foramina(plural)

Canal

longer opening; many

Fissure

an open slit in a bone that usually houses nerves and blood vessels

Foramen Magnum

largest foramen of the skull

Obturator Foramen

largest foramen of the body

Notch

any constricted part connected to process to the main body (curve shape)

Tympanic Bulla

below the ventral opening of ear; hollow bone structure; inside is inner/middle ear

Jugum/Juga

protruding part around maxilla; connecting bridge or projection

Sulcus

depression; present in inner surface of the skull; articulates with gyri/gyrus;

Gyrus

projection or ridges; articulates with sulcus;

Diaphysis

cylindrical shaft

Epiphyses

two greatly expanded extremity

Metaphysis

junction between diaphysis and epiphysis

Epiphyseal Plate

growth plate; hyaline cartilage; site of growth; growth hormone: somatotropin; Pars distalis: adenohypophysis (pituitary gland)

Periosteum

outer lining

Endosteum

inner lining

Medullary Cavity

bone marrow

Compact Bone

hard bone tissue

Cancellous Bone

soft spongy bone tissue; located at metaphyseal region

Nutrient Foramen

perforation/opening; nutrients enter into the bone marrow

Articular Cartilage

line the epiphyseal end