Chemical Digestion & Absorption

What are the three enzymes part of carbohydrrate digestion

salivary amylase, pacreatic amylase, brush border enzymes

Salivary amylase

in the mouth → breaks starch into disaccharides

Pancreatic amylase

continues to break down starch in the small intestine
pancreas→ pancreatic juice → pancreatic amylase → small intestine

Brush border enzymes for carbs - what are the 5

part of the small intestines on the enterocytes which are in villi that allows for contact digestion
lactase, maltase, sucrase, dextrinase, glycoamylase

Full carbohydrate chain

starch → salivary amylase in the mouth → pancreatic amylase in small intestine → brush border enzymes in the small intestine → monosaccharide

Lactose intolerance

Lactose = disaccharide
if there isnt enough lactase (in brush border enzymes) to digest lactose → undigested lactose create osmotic gradient preventing water from being absorbed →diarrhea

what are enzymes that digest protein called and what are the 3 main categories

protease / peptidase

• Pepsin (stomach)

• pancreatic protease

  • brush border enzymes

pepsin

chief cells secrete pepsinogen in stomach which are activated by HCl to digest protein

trypsin, chymotrypsin, and
carboxypeptidase

pancreatic proteases

• Aminopeptidases

• Carboxypeptidases

• Dipeptidases

Brush border enzymes for protein
turns small peptides into amino acids

Protein digestion chain

protein → pepsin in stomach → peptides → pancreatic proteases → smaller peptides →brush border enzymes → amino acids

Why is fat digestion different and what does that result from

because it benefits from emulsification from

• stomach antrum pumping

• segmentation

• bile salt

(fat turning into smaller fat for more surface area)W

what 3 enzymes are part of fat digestion

lingual lipase(mouth), gastric lipase (stomach), pancreatic lipase (small intestine)

Fat digestion pathway

Fat/ lipid → emulsificaiton → small fat droplets → lipases → monoglycerides/fatty acids/ glycerol

What absorbs fats vs nutrients and where

in small intestine → villus/villi → blood capillaries = nutrients while lacteals = fats

Nucleic acid pathway

nucleic acid → nuclease → nucleotide

Vitamins Minerals Water

nutrients that don’t require digestion /breaking down to be absorbed