greek and roman mythology

Roman name of Zeus

Jupiter

Roman name of Hades

Pluto

Roman name of Hestia

Vesta

Roman name of Hera

Juno

Roman name of Ares

Mars

Roman name of Artemis

Diana

Roman name of Aphrodite

Venus

Roman name of Hephaestus

Vulcan

Roman name of Demeter

Ceres

Roman name of Persephone

Proserpina

Roman name of Dionysus

Bacchus

Roman name of Poseidon

Neptune

Roman name of Hermes

Mercury

Roman name of Athena

Minerva

Roman name of Heracles

Hercules

Symbol/animal of Zeus

Thunderbolt, eagle, oak

Symbol/animal of Hades

Cerberus, scepter, cypress

Symbol/animal of Hestia

Hearth fire, kettle

Symbol/animal of Hera

Peacock, cow, diadem

Symbol/animal of Ares

Spear, helmet, dog, vulture

Symbol/animal of Artemis

Bow, deer, moon

Symbol/animal of Aphrodite

Dove, swan, rose, seashell

Symbol/animal of Hephaestus

Hammer, anvil, fire, donkey

Symbol/animal of Apollo

Lyre, laurel, sun, bow

Symbol/animal of Demeter

Sheaf of wheat, torch

Symbol/animal of Persephone

Pomegranate, flowers

Symbol/animal of Dionysus

Grapevine, ivy, leopard, thyrsus

Symbol/animal of Poseidon

Trident, horse, dolphin

Symbol/animal of Hermes

Caduceus (winged staff), winged sandals, ram

Symbol/animal of Athena

Owl, olive tree, aegis (shield)

Symbol/animal of Hercules

Club, lion skin

Symbol/animal of Theseus

Sword, sandals, bull

Symbol/animal of Daedalus

Wings, labyrinth

Symbol/animal of Icarus

Wings, sun

Symbol/animal of Achilles

Shield, spear, horses

Symbol/animal of Hector

Horse, spear

Symbol/animal of Agamemnon

Scepter

Symbol/animal of Menelaus

Sword, ship

Power/domain of Zeus

King of the gods, sky, law, weather

Power/domain of Hades

Underworld, wealth (minerals)

Power/domain of Hestia

Hearth, home, family unity

Power/domain of Hera

Marriage, women, childbirth

Power/domain of Ares

War (chaos, bloodlust)

Power/domain of Artemis

Hunting, moon, wild animals, chastity

Power/domain of Aphrodite

Love, beauty, desire

Power/domain of Hephaestus

Fire, blacksmiths, craftsmen

Power/domain of Apollo

Music, prophecy, healing, sun

Power/domain of Demeter

Agriculture, harvest, fertility

Power/domain of Persephone

Spring, queen of underworld

Power/domain of Dionysus

Wine, theater, ecstasy

Power/domain of Poseidon

Sea, earthquakes, horses

Power/domain of Hermes

Messenger, travel, commerce, trickery

Power/domain of Athena

Wisdom, strategy, crafts, war

Power/domain of Heracles

Strength, heroism

Power/domain of Theseus

King of Athens, hero

Power/domain of Daedalus

Inventor, craftsman

Power/domain of Icarus

Symbol of hubris/youth

Power/domain of Achilles

Warrior strength

Power/domain of Hector

Trojan prince, warrior

Power/domain of Agamemnon

King of Mycenae, commander of Greeks

Power/domain of Menelaus

King of Sparta, husband of Helen

Zeus role in literature/myth and key anecdotes

Ruler of Olympus, overthrew Cronus; punished Prometheus; had many affairs (e.g., Europa, Io, Leda)

Hades role in literature/myth

Lord of the dead; rarely leaves the Underworld, abducted Persephone; stern but not evil

Hestia role in literature/myth

Less prominent in myths, honored in every home, gave up her Olympian seat for Dionysus in some traditions

Hera role in literature/myth

Queen of the gods; often jealous of Zeus’ lovers, persecuted Hercules; opposed Trojan Paris after he chose Aphrodite

Ares role in literature/myth

Appears in Homer’s Iliad as reckless god of war, wounded by Diomedes with Athena’s aid; affair with Aphrodite

Artemis role in literature/myth

Protector of maidens, punished Actaeon (turned to stag); helped Apollo kill Niobe’s children

Aphrodite role in literature/myth and key anecdotes

Born from sea foam; awarded apple by Paris; affair with Ares

Hephaestus role in literature/myth and key anecdotes

Crafted weapons for the gods; born lame; thrown from Olympus; built automata and Achilles’ armor

Apollo role in literature/myth and key anecdotes

God of Delphi’s oracle; killed Python; guided Trojan side in Iliad; punished Niobe

Demeter role in literature/myth and key anecdotes

Lost Persephone to Hades; grief caused winter

Persephone role in literature/myth and key anecdotes

Dual role: life/death cycle, ate pomegranate seeds, forcing yearly return to Hades

Dionysis role in literature/myth and key anecdotes

Born from Zeus’ thigh; spread wine cults; punished Pentheus

Poseidon role in literature/myth and key anecdotes

Contest with Athena over Athens, cursed Odysseus; father of the Cyclops Polyphemus

Hermes role in literature/myth and key anecdotes

Stole Apollo’s cattle; guided souls to Hades

Athena role in literature/myth and key anecdotes

Patron of Athens; born from Zeus’ head; aided Perseus and Odysseus

Heracles role in literature/myth and key anecdotes

Star of myths, tragedies, cult hero; completed Twelve Labors; killed Hydra, Nemean lion

Theseus role in literature/myth and key anecdotes

Central to Attic legend; killed Minotaur; abandoned Ariadne; united Attica

Daedalus role in literature/myth and key anecdotes

Famous mortal artisan, built Labyrinth; built wings to escape Crete

Icarus role in literature/myth and key anecdotes

Flew too close to the sun, fell into sea

Achilles role in literature/myth and key anecdotes

Central hero of Homer’s Iliad, dipped in Styx; killed Hector

Hector role in literature/myth and key anecdotes

Noble warrior in Iliad; killed Patroclus; slain by Achilles

Agamemnon role in literature/myth and key anecdotes

Sacrificed daughter Iphigenia; murdered by Clytemnestra

Menelaus role in literature/myth and key anecdotes

Fought Paris for Helen; survived Trojan War; reunited with Helen