Lesson 3-40 Vocabulary - GREEK 111 and 112

write, draw

(mid.) write for oneself, indict [someone in accusative]

γράφω, γράψω, ἔγραψα, γέγραφα, γέγραμμαι, ἐγράφην

be willing (to), wish (to)

*can be used with an infinitive

*implies consent or willingness

ἐθέλω, ἐθελήσω, ἠθέλησα, ἠθέληκα, --, --

offer sacrifice, sacrifice, slay

θύω, θύσω, ἔθῡσα (note that the ύ should also have a macron), τέθυκα, τέθυμαι, ἐτύθην

teach, educate

(mid.) teach for oneself, have [someone in accusative] taught

παιδεύω, παιδεύσω, ἐπαίδευσα, πεπαίδευκα, πεπαίδευμαι, ἐπαιδεύθην

steal

κλέπτω, κλέψω, ἔκλεψα, κέκλοφα, κέκλεμμαι, ἐκλάπην

hasten (to), strive (to), be eager (to)

*can be used with an infinitive

σπεύδω, σπεύσω, ἔσπευσα, --, --, --

stand guard, guard, protect, preserve

(mid.) guard for oneself, be on guard against [something/someone in accusative]

φυλάττω, φυλάξω, ἐφύλαξα, πεφύλαχα, πεφύλαγμαι, ἐφυλάχθην

send

πέμπω, πέμψω, ἔπεμψα, πέπομφα, πέπεμμαι, ἐπέμφθην

hear, listen, listen to

(used with genitive or accusative nouns)

ἀκούω, ἀκούσομαι, ἤκουσα, ἀκήκοα, --, ἠκούσθην

ἠκήκοη/ἀκήκοη is pluperfect

harm, hurt

βλάπτω, βλάψω, ἔβλαψα, βέβλαφα, βέβλαμμαι, ἐβλάφθην/ἐβλάβην

order (to), command (to), urge (to)

(used with accusative nouns or dative nouns + infinitive)

κελεύω, κελεύσω, ἐκέλευσα, κεκέλευκα, κεκέλευσμαι, ἐκελεύσθην

change, alter

(mid.) change for oneself; take [something in accusative] in exchange for [something in genitive]

ἀλλάττω, ἀλλάξω, ἤλλαξα, ἤλλαχα, ἤλλαγμαι, ἠλλάχθην/ἠλλάγην

pursue, chase, hunt, drive away, banish

διώκω, διώξω, ἐδίωξα, δεδίωχα, δεδίωγμαι, ἐδιώχθην

have, hold, possess; (+ infinitive) be able (to)

past aorist: got hold of

past imperfect: had/possessed

ἔχω, ἕξω/σχήσω, ἔσχον, ἔσχηκα, ἔσχημαι, ἐσχέθην

ἕξω has imperfective aspect

σχήσω has aoristic aspect

(+ future infinitive or other infinitives) be about (to), intend (to); (+ present infinitive) delay (to), hesitate (to)

μέλλω, μελλήσω, ἐμέλλησα, --, --, --

be happy; (+dative) rejoice (in), take delight (in)

(imperative second person used as greeting or parting words)

(with participle) be happy/rejoice in an action

χαίρω, χαιρήσω, ἐχαίρησα, κεχάρηκα, κεχάρημαι, ἐχάρην

find, find out, discover

εὑρίσκω, εὑρήσω, εὗρον/ηὗρον, εὕρηκα/ηὕρηκα, εὕρημαι/ηὕρημαι, εὑρέθην/ηὑρέθην

2nd aorist sing. 2nd person imperative: accent on ultima

leave, leave behind, abandon

λείπω, λείψω, ἔλιπον, λέλοιπα, λέλειμμαι, ἐλείφθην

abandon

ἀπολείπω, ἀπολείψω, ἀπέλιπον, ἀπολέλοιπα, ἀπολέλειμμαι, ἀπελείφθην

(+dative) be a slave (to), serve

δουλεύω, δουλεύσω, ἐδούλευσα, δεδούλευκα, δεδούλευμαι, ἐδουλεύθην

say, speak, tell

λέγω, ἐρῶ/λέξω, εἶπον/ἔλεξα, εἴρηκα, εἴρημαι/λέλεγμαι, ἐρρήθην/ἐλέχθην

use the contracted future ἐρῶ for the future rather than λέξω

use εἶπον over ἔλεξα

2nd aorist sing. 2nd person imperative: accent on ultima

do, act

πράττω, πράξω, ἔπρᾱξα, πέπρᾱγα/πέπρᾱχα, πέπρᾱγμαι, ἐπράχθην (long α)

flee, avoid, escape, be in exile

φεύγω, φεύξομαι, ἔφυγον, πέφευγα, --, --

(with accusative + infinitive) persuade (to)

(mid. + dative) obey

(first perfect + accusative and/or infinitive) "I have persuaded"

(second perfect + dative and/or infinitive) "I trust"

πείθω, πείσω, ἔπεισα, πέπεικα/πέποιθα, πέπεισμαι, ἐπείσθην

turn

(mid.) betake oneself, move

(aorist passive) was turned, betook oneself, moved

τρέπω, τρέψω, ἔτρεψα, τέτροφα, τέτραμμαι, ἐτρέφθην/ἐτράπην

be, exist; (third-person sg. + acc & infin) it is possible (to)

*The present third-person singular ἐστί(ν) sometimes stops behaving like an enclitic and, for greater emphasis, takes an acute accent on its penult: ἔστι(ν). This happens whenever it is the first word in a sentence, when it means "there exists" or "it is possible," and when it is preceded by ἀλλ', καί, μή, οὐκ, τοῦτ', ὡς, or εἰ.

*εἰσί(ν) and ἦσαν are used with perfect middle/passive participles to form the periphrastic third-person plural (plu)perfect middle/passive for consonant stems

εἰμί, ἔσομαι

loosen, release, destroy

λύω, λύσω, ἔλῡσα (long υ), λέλυκα, λέλυμαι, ἐλύθην

see, behold; (with εἰς + acc.) look (at)

*If it means "see" or "behold," it may take a direct object

*If it means "look (at)," it will be combined with a prepositional phrase such as εἰς + accusative

βλέπω, βλέψομαι, ἔβλεψα, βέβλεφα, βέβλεμμαι, ἐβλέφθην

strike (with a direct blow)

πλήττω, πλήξω, ἔπληξα, πέπληγα, πέπληγμαι, ἐπλήγην

(+dative) strike at, rebuke

ἐπιπλήττω, ἐπιπλήξω, ἐπέπληξα, ἐπιπέπληγα, ἐπιπέπληγμαι, ἐπεπλήχθην

strike down

καταπλήττω, καταπλήξω, κατέπληξα, καταπέπληγα, καταπέπληγμαι, κατεπλάγην

bear, bring, carry

*pres imperative φέρε used to strengthen a following imperative

φέρω, οἴσω, ἤνεγκα/ἤνεγκον, ἐνήνοχα, ἐνήνεγμαι, ἠνέχθην

ἤνεγκα is conjugated like a regular first aorist, but it doesn't have a σ

ἐνήνοχη is the pluperfect

seize, snatch, plunder

ἁρπάζω, ἁρπάσω, ἥρπασα, ἥρπακα, ἥρπασμαι, ἡρπάσθην

throw, hit (with a thrown weapon), shoot

βάλλω, βαλῶ, ἔβαλον, βέβληκα, βέβλημαι, ἐβλήθην

(+dative) attack

προσβάλλω, προσβαλῶ, προσέβαλον, προσβέβληκα, προσβέβλημαι, προσεβλήθην

laugh; (with ἐπί + dative) laugh (at), ridicule

*exception to rule that α in the present stem becomes η in the future stem

γελάω, γελάσομαι, ἐγέλασα, --, --, ἐγελάσθην

make clear, show, explain

δηλόω, δηλώσω, ἐδήλωσα, δεδήλωκα, δεδήλωμαι, ἐδηλώθην

care for, carry, escort; (mid.) acquire

κομίζω, κομιῶ, ἐκόμισα, κεκόμικα, κεκόμισμαι, ἐκομίσθην

honor, value

τῑμάω, τῑμήσω, ἐτίμησα, τετίμηκα, τετίμημαι, ἐτῑμήθην (long ι)

love, kiss; (+infinitive) be fond of (doing), be accustomed (to)

φιλέω, φιλήσω, ἐφίλησα, πεφίληκα, πεπίλημαι, ἐφιλήθην

help, aid

ὠφελέω, ὠφελήσω, ὠφέλησα, ὠφέληκα, ὠφέλημαι, ὠφελήθην

make, create, do

ποιέω, ποιήσω, ἐποίησα, πεποίηκα, πεποίημαι, ἐποιήθην

(active) add to

(mid + infin) pretend (to)

προσποιέω, προσποιήσω, προσεποίησα, προσπεποίηκα, προσπεποίημαι, προσεποιήθην

announce, report

ἀγγέλλω, ἀγγελῶ, ἤγγειλα, ἤγγελκα, ἤγγελμαι, ἠγγέλθην

(+ double accusative) ask, question

*both the question being asked and the person being questioned go into the accusative

ἐρωτάω, ἐρωτήσω, ἠρώτησα, ἠρώτηκα, ἠρώτημαι, ἠρωτήθην

sell

πωλέω, πωλήσω, ἐπώλησα, πεπώληκα, πεπώλημαι, ἐπωλήθην

take, receive, grasp, understand

λαμβάνω, λήψομαι, ἔλαβον, εἴληφα, εἴλημμαι, ἐλήφθην

2nd aorist sing. 2nd person imperative: accent on ultima

gather together, collect, arrest

συλλαμβάνω, συλλήψομαι, συνέλαβον, συνείληφα, συνείλημμαι, συνελήφθην

2nd aorist sing. 2nd person imperative: accent on ultima

remain, stay; (+acc.) wait for

μένω, μενῶ, ἔμεινα, μεμένηκα, --, --

seek, search for, investigate; (+infinitive) seek (to)

ζητέω, ζητήσω, ἐζήτησα, ἐζήτηκα, ἐζήτημαι, ἐζητήθην

throw, hurl, cast aside

ῥίπτω, ῥίψω, ἔρρῑψα, ἔρρῑφα, ἔρρῑμμαι, ἐρρίφθην (long ι)

die, be killed

*future is contracted and deponent

*always active (or middle in the future) in form, but may be either active or passive in meaning

*perfect tense can function as stative: I am dead

ἀποθνήισκω (iota subscript), ἀποθανοῦμαι, άπέθανον, τέθνηκα, --, --

kill

*not passive

άποκτείνω, ἀποκτενῶ, ἀπέκτεινα, ἀπέκτονα, --, --

(act.) frighten

(mid./pass. +acc.) be frightened (of), be afraid (of), fear

φοβέω, φοβήσω, ἐφόβησα, πεφόβηκα, πεφόβημαι, ἐφοβήθην

lead

with βίον: lead a life

*pres imperative ἄγε used to strengthen a following imperative

ἄγω, ἄξω, ἤγαγον, ἦχα, ἦγμαι, ἤχθην

(act.) see, behold, look (at)

(pass.) be seen, appear

ὁράω (imperfect ἑώρων), ὄψομαι, εἶδον (imperative ἰδέ), ἑόρᾱκα/ἑώρᾱκα, ἑώρᾱμαι/ὦμμαι, ὤφθην

*aorist singular 2nd person imperative accent on ultima

call, summon, invite, name

καλέω, καλῶ, ἐκάλεσα, κέκληκα, κέκλημαι, ἐκλήθην

teach (often with double acc. of person & thing)

διδάσκω, διδάξω, ἐδίδαξα, δεδίδαχα, δεδίδαγμαι, ἐδιδάχθην

(active) stop, bring to a stop

(middle) stop, come to a stop, cease

(with participle) stop/cease an action

παύω, παύσω, ἔπαυσα, πέπαυκα, πέπαυμαι, ἐπαύθην

open, open up

ἀνοίγω/ἀνοίγνῡμι (imperfect ἀνέῳγον), ἀνοίξω, ἀνέῳξα, ἀνέῳχα, ἀνέῳγμαι, ἀνεωίχθην (iota subscript)

separate, choose, judge, decide (a contest or dispute)

κρίνω (long ι), κρινῶ, ἔκρῑνα, κέκρικα, κέκριμαι, ἐκρίθην

(active) separate, choose, judge, decide (a contest or dispute)

(middle + dative) answer, reply

*the person to whom the answer is given goes into the dative case

ἀποκρίνω (long ι), ἀποκρινῶ, ἀπέκρῑνα, ἀποκέκρικα, ἀποκέκριμαι, ἀπεκρίθην

make a mistake, fail, err, sin

(+genitive) miss (a target), miss out on

ἁμαρτάνω, ἁμαρτήσομαι, ἥμαρτον, ἡμάρτηκα, ἡμάρτημαι, ἡμαρτήθην

beget, give birth to, bear

γεννάω, γεννήσω, ἐγέννησα, γεγέννηκα, γεγέννημαι, ἐγεννήθην

know

(+infinitive) know how (to)

*always active in meaning but only occurs in perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect tenses

οἶδα (pluperfect: ηἴδη *iota subscript), εἴσομαι, --, --, --, --

(+dative OR with prepositions such as εἰς + accusative) believe (in), trust (in), have faith (in)

πιστεύω, πιστεύσω, ἐπίστευσα, πεπίστευκα, πεπίστευμαι, ἐπιστεύθην

(with ἐπί or ἐις + acc.) arrive (at), come (to)

*in past tenses, iota after prefix is lengthened as a temporal augment

ἀφικνέομαι, ἀφίξομαι, ἀφῑκόμην, --, ἀφῖγμαι, --

(+ infinitive) wish (to), desire (to), prefer (to)

*implies desire or preference

βούλομαι, βουλήσομαι, --, --, βεβούλημαι, ἐβουλήθην

live

*only in the active voice

*contracted forms: has η everywhere you would expect an ᾱ

ζάω, ζήσω, --, --, --, --

be born, become, happen

*frequently combined with a predicate noun/adjective

*sometimes translated as "be"

γίγνομαι, γενήσομαι, ἐγενόμην, γέγονα, γεγένημαι, --

save, bring safely (to)

σωίζω (iota subscript), σώσω, ἔσωσα, σέσωκα, σέσωσμαι/σέσωμαι, ἐσώθην

(+ dative) fight (against)

μάχομαι, μαχοῦμαι, ἐμαχεσάμην, --, μεμάχημαι, --

prepare, provide, furnish

παρασκευάζω, παρασκευάσω, παρεσκεύασα, παρεσκεύακα, παρεσκεύασμαι, παρεσκευάσθην

make appear, show

(mid. & intrans. forms) (+ complementary infinitive) appear (to)

*perfect and pluperfect middle/passive, nu changes to sigma whenever the ending begins with mu

*intransitive = no direct object

φαίνω, φανῶ, ἔφηνα, πέφαγκα or (intr.) πέφηνα, πέφασμαι, ἐφάνθην or (intr.) ἐφάνην

(+dat) use, be subject to, experience

*contracted forms: has η everywhere you would expect an ᾱ

χράομαι, χρήσομαι, ἐχρησάμην, --, κέχρημαι, ἐχρήσθην

be unjust, do wrong, injure

*accusative direct object may be used to identify the injured person(s) or the injury itself

*cognate accusative: ἀδικίᾱ is often used as a direct object: “I have done a wrong”

ἀδικέω, ἀδικήσω, ἠδίκησα, ἠδίκηκα, ἠδίκημαι, ἠδικήθην

corrupt, ruin

διαφθείρω, διαφθερῶ, διέφθειρα, διέφθαρκα/διέφθορα, διέφθαρμαι, διεφθάρην

conquer, win

νῑκάω, νῑκήσω, ἐνίκησα (long ι), νενίκηκα (long ι), νενίκημαι (long ι), ἐνῑκήθην

(+ gen) rule; (+ gen) make begin; (mid. + gen, infinitive, or participle) begin

*basic meaning: be first (in power or time)

*partitive genitive may be added to show the group that someone is in charge of or the event that someone is making start (active voice) or is at the start of (middle voice)

ἄρχω, ἄρξω, ἦρξα, ἦρχα, ἦργμαι, ἤρχθην

cry, cry out, shout

βοάω, βοήσομαι, ἐβόησα, --, --, --

take (a woman) as a wife, marry (a woman)

(middle + dative) give oneself in marriage (to a man), marry (a man)

γαμέω, γαμῶ, ἔγημα, γεγάμηκα, γεγάμημαι, ἐγαμήθην

(+ dative) follow

*basic stem = σεπ-

*aorist uses zero-grade stem (σπ-) with augment (becomes εσπ-)

ἕπομαι (imperfect: εἱπόμην), ἕψομαι, ἑσπόμην, --, --, --

take

(mid.) choose

*for “chosen [as] something” - in factitive sentences like these, no word for “as” is needed

αἱρέω, αἱρήσω, εἷλον (stem = ἑλ-), ηἵρηκα (iota subscript), ηἵρημαι (iota subscript), ηἱρέθην (iota subscript)

go, come, travel

*pres imperative ἴθι used to strengthen a following imperative

εἶμι, --, --, -- , -- , --

go, come, travel

ἔρχομαι, ἐλεύσομαι, ἦλθον, ἐλήλυθα, --, --

*pres sg imperative (accent ultima): ἐλθέ

suffer, experience

*frequently has passive sense (“deponent”): be treated

• (can be modified by genitive of agent)

πάσχω, πείσομαι, ἔπαθον, πέπονθα, --, --

*three different “basic” stems: πενθ-, πονθ-, παθ-

*middle/passive endings are NEVER added to πάσχ-

*middle endings are NEVER added to ἔπαθ-

be treated badly/well, fare badly/well

κακῶς/εὖ πάσχειν

tell, declare, explain

φράζω, φράσω, ἔφρασα, πέφρακα, πέφρασμαι, ἐφράσθην

marketplace, market

(first-declension feminine)

ἀγορά (long α), -ᾶς, ἡ

letter, message

(first-declension feminine)

ἐπιστολή, -ῆς, ἡ

leisure, stillness, tranquility

(first-declension feminine)

ἡσυχίᾱ, -ᾱς, ἡ

goddess

(first-declension feminine)

θεά (long α), -ᾶς, ἡ

tent

(first-declension feminine)

σκηνή, -ῆς, ἡ

land, country, countryside, space, position

(first-declension feminine)

χώρᾱ, -ᾱς, ἡ

mistress (of the household), lady, Lady (title for a goddess)

(first-declension feminine)

δέσποινα, -ης, ἡ

sea

(first-declension feminine)

θάλαττα, -ης, ἡ

servant (female), maid

(first-declension feminine)

θεράπαινα, -ης, ἡ

couch, bed

(first-declension feminine)

κλίνη (long ι), -ης, ἡ

destiny, fate; when capitalized, Destiny or Fate (personified as a goddess)

(first-declension feminine)

μοῖρα, -ᾱς, ἡ

season, hour; (with accusative or dative +infinitive) it is time (to)

(first-declension feminine)

ὥρᾱ, -ᾱς, ἡ