East Asia History (1400-1800)
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68 Terms
Why was China stable from 1400-1800?
Geographic advantages, large populations, one written language, civil exams, and Confucianism.
What was one geographic advantage of China?
China's geography helped support stability and development.
Why were large populations important to Chinese stability?
Tremendous populations provided a large labor and social base.
Why was a single written language important?
It helped unify people across China.
What was the Civil Examination System?
A system that selected government officials based on talent and learning.
What philosophy influenced Chinese government?
Confucianism.
Who was Confucius?
A Chinese philosopher who lived from 551-479 BCE.
What did Confucianism emphasize?
Moral, literary, and intellectual values.
What did Confucianism stress above all else?
Harmony.
What did Confucianism teach about relationships?
Every person had a specific role.
What did Confucianism say about government?
The government must be ethical.
What was the emperor's position in China?
The emperor had tremendous status.
What was the Ming Dynasty's time period?
1368-1644.
Who founded the Ming Dynasty?
Zhu Yuanzhang.
When did Zhu Yuanzhang declare himself emperor?
1368.
Who was Chengzu?
The Ming emperor who ruled from 1403-1425.
What did Chengzu do to the capital?
He moved the capital from Nanjing to Beijing.
What famous building did Chengzu build?
The Forbidden City.
When did Ming sea explorations occur?
1405-1433.
How did the Ming view the Mongols?
They admired them but were attacked by them twice.
Why was the Great Wall built?
As a defense against attacks.
What system did the Ming continue?
The civil examination system.
When did the Ming begin facing decline?
By the 1590s.
What caused Ming decline?
Fiscal, military, political problems and natural disasters.
What was the Qing Dynasty's time period?
1644-1911.
Who founded the Qing Dynasty?
The Manchus.
Where were the Manchus from?
Northeastern China.
How were the Manchus viewed by many Chinese?
As outsiders.
What was the Qing's military strength?
It was militarily strong.
How did the Qing respond to resistance to its customs?
Resistant areas were brutally subdued.
How is the Qing government described in the presentation?
One of the greatest and most stable governments in history.
How many major rulers did the Qing have in one century?
Three rulers.
What type of empire was Qing China?
A multi-ethnic empire.
What was foot binding?
A practice of binding women's feet with cloth, crushing and deforming bones.
When was foot binding popular?
During the Qing Dynasty.
What might foot binding reveal about Qing society?
Ideas about women's roles and beauty.
What does Document 21.5 discuss?
Gender in Qing Dynasty China.
What does Document 21.5 ask about gender norms?
What it reveals about the roles of women and men.
How might Li's work be interpreted?
As comedy reinforcing gender roles or social satire and criticism.
What system dominated Japan by the 1200s?
Feudalism.
Who were daimyo?
Lords in feudal Japan.
Who served the daimyo?
Knights called samurai.
Who was the most powerful lord in Japan?
The Shogun.
What happened in Japan in 1467?
Civil war erupted in Kyoto.
Who became a leader during the Japanese civil war?
Oda Nobunaga.
What happened to Oda Nobunaga?
He died by suicide after a coup.
Who avenged Nobunaga and took control?
Toyotomi Hideyoshi.
What did Toyotomi Hideyoshi accomplish?
He took control and reunified Japan.
When did the Tokugawa Shoguns rule?
1603-1867.
What was bushido?
A strict code of conduct for the shogunate.
What did bushido emphasize?
Duty, respect/loyalty, good judgment, and selflessness.
Who was Tokugawa Ieyasu?
The founder of the Tokugawa shogunate.
Who were samurai?
Warrior knights who served daimyo.
What was the role of the Shogun?
The most powerful lord in feudal Japan.
What did Chengzu authorize?
A series of voyages to the Indian Ocean.
Who led these voyages?
Zheng He.
When did Zheng He live?
1371-1433.
What was notable about Zheng He?
He was Muslim.
Where did Zheng He's voyages travel?
Throughout many areas of the Indian Ocean basin.
When did European explorers arrive in Asia?
In the 16th century.
Which European powers arrived?
Portuguese, Spanish, and Dutch.
What was traded between Europe and Asia?
Silver and other goods.
Who brought Christianity to East Asia?
Christian missionaries from Portugal and Spain.
Who were the Jesuits?
Christian missionaries who traveled to East Asia.
When were missionaries no longer allowed in China and Japan?
By the 18th century.
What did Asian countries learn from the West?
Scientific and philosophical ideas.
What did the West learn from Asia?
Asian innovations.
What does "East Meets West" describe?
Increased contact, trade, religion, and exchange between Asia and Europe.