Module 2: Matter Study Guide Flashcards

Practice flashcards covering the definition of matter, states of matter, physical and chemical properties/changes, and the classification of substances based on Module 2 lecture notes.

What is the scientific definition of matter?

Anything which has mass and takes up space.

According to the scientific model, what two things make up matter?

Tiny particles and empty space.

Which three observations are relevant to the solid state of matter?

Rigid, incompressible, and does not expand to fill the container.

How is the gas state of matter characterized in terms of volume and compressibility?

It expands to fill the container and is compressible.

If gold has a melting point of $1063\,^\circ\text{C}$ and a boiling point of $2966\,^\circ\text{C}$, what is its state at $2000\,^\circ\text{C}$?

Liquid.

What is the defining difference between a physical property and a chemical property?

A physical property is demonstrated while the substance remains the same substance; a chemical property is demonstrated only when the identity of the substance changes.

What are four visual or sensory hints that a chemical property is being demonstrated?

Temperature change (without external heat/ice), color change, bubble formation (gas release), and new smells.

How are extensive and intensive physical properties distinguished?

Extensive properties (such as mass and volume) depend on the amount of matter present, whereas intensive properties (such as color and melting point) are independent of the amount.

Classify the following as intensive or extensive: The temperature and the viscosity of a drink.

Both are intensive properties.

What occurs at a molecular level during a chemical change that does not occur during a physical change?

Chemical bonds are broken and new chemical bonds are formed.

What two factors are conserved during both physical and chemical changes?

Total energy and total mass.

What are the two categories of pure substances?

Elements and compounds.

How does the composition of a compound differ from that of a mixture?

A compound has a definite composition, while a mixture has a variable composition.

How do the separation methods for compounds and mixtures differ?

Compounds can only be separated chemically, whereas mixtures can be separated physically.

In the lock and key analogy, which setup represents a compound?

The box containing 10 paddle locks with each lock's key inserted into the cylinder.

What are the chemical symbols for Magnesium and Manganese?

Magnesium ($Mg$) and Manganese ($Mn$).

What are the chemical symbols for Potassium and Phosphorus?

Potassium ($K$) and Phosphorus ($P$).

Count the atoms of each element in the formula for acetic acid: $CH_3COOH$.

2 carbons, 4 hydrogens, and 2 oxygens.

How many atoms of each element are present in calcium phosphate, $Ca_3(PO_4)_2$?

3 calciums, 2 phosphorus, and 8 oxygens.

Classify 'Adding vinegar to baking soda produces gas bubbles' as a property.

Chemical property.