Human Geography multiple choice - Finals

Vocabulary flashcards for AP Human Geography exam review.

Nation-State

A state dominated by one ethnic group with a shared identity.

Stateless Nation

An ethnic group without a sovereign state.

Devolution

The breakup of a state, such as the Soviet Union.

Gerrymandering

Redrawing electoral districts for political gain.

Perforated State

A state that completely surrounds another state.

Brandt Line

Divides the world into Global North and Global South.

GDP

Total value of goods and services in a country.

Rostow's Model: High Mass Consumption

The final stage in Rostow's model of development.

Human Development Index (HDI)

Includes life expectancy, education level, and income (but not gender equality).

Structural Adjustment Programs

Linked to IMF conditions.

Neolithic Revolution

Transition from nomadic lifestyle to agriculture.

Subsistence Agriculture

Food grown for local consumption.

Green Revolution

Associated with high-yield seed varieties and fertilizers.

Swidden Agriculture

Also known as slash-and-burn agriculture.

Sustainable Agriculture

Focuses on long-term ecological balance.

Karl Marx

Proposed the 'Tendency of the Rate of Profit to Fall'.

Location factor NOT for industry

Religious Affiliation

Global Production Chains

Reflect interconnected manufacturing processes.

Deindustrialization

Most often leads to job losses in manufacturing.

Outsourcing

Relocation of industry to lower-cost regions.

Urbanization

Increasing population in cities.

Nucleated Settlement

A rural settlement characterized by clustered homes.

Urban Patterns (Developed Countries)

Tend to show segregated functional zones.

Job Opportunities

A pull factor for urban migration.

Megacities

Typically have a population over 10 million.

Petroleum

A nonrenewable resource.

Natural Gas

NOT a renewable energy source.

Vehicle Emissions

Largest contributor to air pollution in urban areas.

Sustainability

Responsible use and management of natural resources.

Point Source Pollution

Pollution from a single, identifiable source.

Sovereignty

Absolute authority within territorial boundaries.

Supranational Organizations

Political integration beyond national borders.

Prorupted State

A state with a long extension or arm-like protrusion.

Microfinance

Providing small loans to entrepreneurs in developing countries.

GDP Criticism

Doesn't account for informal economies.

Gender Inequality Index (GII)

DOES NOT include male income level.

Agribusiness

The commercial integration of food production and processing.

Shifting Cultivation

Clearing and using land for a few years before moving on.

Plantation Agriculture

Large-scale mono-cropping for export.

Footloose Industries

Can locate anywhere without significant cost differences.

Just-in-Time Delivery

Minimizing storage and production costs.

Central Place Theory

Explains settlement hierarchy and spacing.

Edge Cities

Along major transportation routes outside central cities.

Environmental Justice

Fair treatment of all people regarding environmental laws and policies.

Tragedy of the Commons

Depletion of shared resources due to individual self-interest.