Coasts

U WILL PASS THIS!

What is a Coast?

Where the land and sea meet

What is a Shoreline?

Boundary of land defined by the water mark 

What does the size of the wave depend on?

Speed of the wind, Distance the wind travels & How long the wind blows for

What are the 2 types of Waves?

Destructive & Constructive

What are destructive waves?

Waves that erode the beach

What are Constructive waves?

Waves that are beach builders

What is a long shore drift?

The process of sediment being transported along a coastline in a zig-zag pattern

How do the waves approach the beach?

By prevailing wind

What are sand dunes?

Sand dunes are a dynamic environment with changes occurring quickly

What are the global features of Coral Reefs?

Temperature, Light, Water & Salinity

What are Salt marshes?

Coastal wetlands that are periodically flooded and drained by salty tidal water

What are Mangrove Swamps?

Coastal ecosystems with trees adapted to salty, changing conditions.

Where are mangroves mainly distributed?

Sheltered, warm tropical waters within 30^{\circ} N and S of the equator, in the intertidal zone.

What conditions do mangroves need to grow?

Warm temperatures (around 27^{\circ} C), high humidity (75-80^{\circ} /_{\circ}), and significant rainfall (1,500-3,000 mm per year).

What are key characteristics of mangrove trees?

Tangled roots above ground that filter salt, 'snorkel/prop' roots for air/support, and trap mud/silt.

How do mangroves spread?

Fruits and seedlings float on ocean currents, colonizing new areas when lodged in mud.

What are some development opportunities on the coast?

Homes, shops, hotels, roads, schools, and restaurants.

What are other opportunities the coast offers?

Nature reserves, swimming and sports, industry, fishing and aquaculture, tourism, agriculture, and ports and harbours.

What are the two main types of coastal hazards?

Natural and human-induced.

What are examples of natural coastal hazards?

Storms, flooding, and tsunamis.

What are consequences of urbanisation and transport on the coast?

Changing land use (ports, roads), increased traffic, and water abstraction.

What are the impacts of urbanisation and transport?

Environmental damage, species loss, visual/water pollution, saltwater intrusion, health risks, and invasive species.

What are consequences of agriculture on the coast?

Reclaiming land, overuse of fertilizers/pesticides, high animal numbers, and water abstraction.

What are the impacts of agriculture?

Loss of ecosystems/species, coastal squeeze, water pollution, eutrophication, and river channelization.

What are consequences of fisheries and aquaculture?

Port construction, fish processing, fishing tackle, fish farm waste, and shrimp farming.

What are the impacts of fisheries and aquaculture?

Overfishing, harm to other species, water/beach pollution, invasive species, and habitat damage.

What are consequences of industry on the coast?

Land use changes (power stations), resource extraction, waste processing, cooling water use, windmills, and river dams/barriers.

What are the impacts of industry?

Habitat/species loss, water pollution, eutrophication, heat/visual pollution, and decreased freshwater/sediment to coastal zones.

What are consequences of tourism and recreation on the coast?

Development (golf courses), congestion, ports/marinas, water abstraction, waste disposal, and boat/water activities.

What are the impacts of tourism and recreation?

Habitat/species loss, disturbance, visual pollution, lowered water table, saltwater intrusion, water pollution, eutrophication, and health risks.