Studied by 38 PeopleTags & Description
Organic compound
Molecules mainly made of carbon atoms
Functional group
Groups of atoms that influence the characteristic/properties of a molecule
Monomer
Small, simple molecules that bind together to form polymers
Polymers
A large molecule composed of many monomers
Macromolecule
A large polymers
Condensation reaction
A chemical reaction in which molecules (monomers) combine and water is produced
Hydrolysis reaction
A chemical reaction that uses water to break down polymers
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
The main energy molecule of cells
Carbohydrate
Organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Monosaccharide
The monomer of a carbohydrate. Simple sugar
Disaccharide
Double sugar
Polysaccharide
Mini sugars. Three or more monosaccharides bonded together
Protein
Organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
amino acid
The monomers of proteins
Peptide bond
Covalent bond formed when amino acids linked together to form a protein
Substrate
The substance that an enzyme works on
Polypeptide
Long chain of amino acids
Active site
Site on the enzyme where the substrate fits
Lipid
Large, nonpolar molecules. Do not dissolve in water
Fatty acid
Nonpolar carbon chains found in lipids
Phospholipids
A lipid (oil) with two nonpolar tails and a polar head group that are the most important part of a cell membrane
nucleic acid
Molecules that store and transfer information in cell
Nucleotide
Basic unit of a nucleic acid
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
The molecule that directs cell activities
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Directs the making of proteins