BIOLOGY-chapter 3 vocabulary

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Organic compound

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Organic compound

Molecules mainly made of carbon atoms

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Functional group

Groups of atoms that influence the characteristic/properties of a molecule

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Monomer

Small, simple molecules that bind together to form polymers

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Polymers

A large molecule composed of many monomers

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Macromolecule

A large polymers

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Condensation reaction

A chemical reaction in which molecules (monomers) combine and water is produced

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Hydrolysis reaction

A chemical reaction that uses water to break down polymers

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Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

The main energy molecule of cells

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Carbohydrate

Organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

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Monosaccharide

The monomer of a carbohydrate. Simple sugar

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Disaccharide

Double sugar

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Polysaccharide

Mini sugars. Three or more monosaccharides bonded together

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Protein

Organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

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amino acid

The monomers of proteins

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Peptide bond

Covalent bond formed when amino acids linked together to form a protein

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Substrate

The substance that an enzyme works on

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Polypeptide

Long chain of amino acids

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Active site

Site on the enzyme where the substrate fits

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Lipid

Large, nonpolar molecules. Do not dissolve in water

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Fatty acid

Nonpolar carbon chains found in lipids

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Phospholipids

A lipid (oil) with two nonpolar tails and a polar head group that are the most important part of a cell membrane

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nucleic acid

Molecules that store and transfer information in cell

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Nucleotide

Basic unit of a nucleic acid

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Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

The molecule that directs cell activities

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Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Directs the making of proteins

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