Open/closed circulatory system

What is a closed circulatory system?


A closed circulatory system is one where blood circulates entirely within blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries) and does not directly bathe organs.

What are the main types of closed circulatory systems in vertebrates?


1. 2-chambered heart – Fish

2. 3-chambered heart – Amphibians

3. Partially divided 3-chambered heart – Reptiles

4. 4-chambered heart – Birds and mammals

What is the key difference between the 3rd and 4th types of closed circulatory systems?


The 3rd system has a partial separation between the ventricles, allowing some mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, while the 4th system has a complete separation, preventing mixing.

Which type of circulatory system is most efficient for large and active animals?

The 4-chambered heart system, found in birds and mammals, supports large body sizes and high activity levels by efficiently separating oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of the 2-chambered heart in fish?

Advantages: Simple, adequate for aquatic life.
Disadvantages: Low blood pressure after gills; less efficient oxygen delivery.

How does a 3-chambered heart in amphibians compare to the 4-chambered heart in birds and mammals?

The 3-chambered heart allows some mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, whereas the 4-chambered heart prevents mixing, making it more efficient for oxygen delivery.

What is an open circulatory system?


n an open circulatory system, blood (hemolymph) is pumped into open body cavities and bathes the organs directly. Found in many invertebrates.

How does an open circulatory system differ from a closed system?

In a closed system, blood circulates through enclosed vessels, while in an open system, the blood is not contained in vessels and flows freely around the organs in body cavities.

What are the characteristics of an open circulatory system?

Blood (hemolymph) flows through open vessels and into body cavities.

Found in most invertebrates like insects, spiders, and crustaceans.

Lower pressure and slower oxygen delivery compared to closed systems.

Which animals typically have an open circulatory system?

Most invertebrates, such as insects, spiders, and crustaceans.