Combined APush

Status of new government?

consitution was ratified but not functioning yet

where does the new goveernment begin?

with the states

what did the states do?

held eelctions to pick government positions

estbliashed quorum for electoral college —> get a president & a congress

who was the 1st presdient & who was the vice presidnet

george washington - by unaminous decision

john adams v.p.

where was the original capital of the U.S.

New York City

why was washington so importnat

he was the first hope at a new government

problems with starting the new government

1) no foundation to work off - no executive, legistlative, or judical branch

essentially starting from nothing

2) U.S. is spread out - 4 mil over 13 states - travel is hard - logistical nightmare

3) foreign relations - no respect from other countries & other countries hope the U.S. fail

4) huge amounts of debt

how does congress start to fix these problems?

1) pass Tariff Act —> tariff on imports (orig set at 5% but certain goods had higher % tax)

2) land sales

What did the Tariff Act achieve?

solved the issue of the British ruining the homespun economy

What was George Washington’s job?

set up the Executive branch

What was special about Washington’s actions

they set a precedent

washington creates offices that becomes the standard for today

what did washington do

creates & appoints Jefferson as Secretary of State

creates Secretary of War (this name changed to secretary of defense after WWII): Henry Knox

creates Secretary of Treasury: Alexander Hamilton

creates office of Postmaster General: Samuel Osgood

creates Attorney General: Edmund Randolph

how is the judiciary set up?

Congress sets up the Judiciary and Supreme Court

Judiciary Act

establishes 13 district courts

how many appellate courts????????

John Jay - 1st chief justice

president appoints justices

Precedent

1st action in a series

discussions in what to call president

???????

3 diff precedents that Washington set

1)??????????

2) ??????

3) steps down from president (most important)

2 ways of interpreting constitution

strict construction

loose construction

Who oversees making money?

Alexander Hamilton

3 reports that Hamilton made to congress

1) Report on public credit

2) ?????????

3) report on manufacturing

Report on public credit

by Hamilton

U.S. needs to show world that government is trustwrothy and can pay back debts

hamilton decides to pay back war bonds at face value b/c he thought that the wealthy wouldn’t trust government if they didn’t

Hamilton raises taxes

Hamilton says U.S. should pay back state debts too —> Assumption Bill

Hamilton’s view of U.S. & reason for decisions on report on public credit

thinks that they need the wealthy in the U.S. to support the government

if wealthy support & invest —> their efforts convince the rest of the country to support govenremtn

Hamilton v.s. Jefferson

Hamilton favors the wealthy - Jefferson favors the poor

1st notion of poltical parties

What does hamilton want to do w/the report on republic credit

wants to pay back governmt debt

what was the question concerning the report of public credit

pay market or face value of war bonds?

outcome of report on public credit

pay back war bonds at face value

taxes raised

Assumption Bill

In order to assume state debt what happened?

raised taxes again

how was the Assumption Bill passed?

D.C. Deal

D.C. Deal

Hamilton makes a deal with Jefferson

says if Jefferfson gets south support of Assumption Bill - they move the capital to the south

hamilton’s second report (what was the name????????????)

Establish national bank (charter) for 20 years

start w/ 10 mil in stock - 20% held by government

80% held privately - open up stock to anyone that wanted to buy

what would establishing a national bank achieve?

1) place to issue deposits

2) issue loans

3) issue value & money up to value of stock

what did the constitution say about a national bank?

originally no provision for a national bank in the constitution

What does Washington do about this idea of establishing a national bank?

Washington checks w/cabinet

2 parties -

Hamilton - uses Elastic clause - says federal government can establish bank

Jefferson - believes 10th amendment - states should control

Who does Washington side with?

hamilton - so national bank is established

Hamilton’s 3rd plan

report on manufacturing

Report on Manufacturing

allows government to intervene on economy

tariffs are not generating enough revenue - so they need to find a way for more income

1) increased tariff rates

2) add new taxes (whiskey - important because whiskey was sort of like a currency in the west)

3) put bounties (ex. gov. gives seed money for new factory)

issue premiums & exemptions

Results of the Report on Manufacturing

Protects manufacturing

Encourages new manufacturing

Generates more revenue

FARMERS UNHAPPY

Why are the farmers unhappy?

farmers feel like they were hit twice

price goes up b/c of tariff

but tariff results in issues with other countries

How is the South & the farmers getting hit with the tariffs twice?

After increased tariff —> tariff wars w/other countries

south mainly hit b/c they are the source of raw materials

so the south & the farmers were being tariffed already but then trade was also being tariffed because of tariff wars w/other countries

how do the South respond to the tariffs

south says no to Hamilton’s plan - tariffs fail

Mint Act

Hamilton coins money —> U.S. government can now produce currency

what happened with the tax on whiskey

rebellion

why was the tax on whiskey so bad

it was domestic —> people saw this as more invasive b/c now there were tax collectors

how did people respond to the tax on whiskey

mobs killed tax collectors

big group of people moved to Pittsburgh

Washington gathers big force to put down the rebellion

results of the rebellion

4 convicted of treason - washington pardons

sets a precedent —> people are gonna have to pay taxes even if they don’t want & government can enforce law

What’s going on with the western & southern farmers?

they grow separate and so they begin to support Jefferson

what does this division between the west + south and the north/east lead to

2 political parties begin to emerge

U.S. status internationally now

U.S. was dependent on other countries until now

Beginning of the U.S. is fighting for legitimacy on the world stage

Issues with foreign countries

1) Spain

dispute over Florida border

-Mississippi River argument

2) France

Franco America Alliance

Helped w/war

U.S. in debt to France

French Rev. similar to the U.S. rev

3) England

fought against the U.S.

flooding economy

U.S. needs to pay loyalist property

-debts

2 ideas of thinking of Britain and France

Hamilton

says Franco-American alliance only benefits French & they made treaty w/French King who’s dead now

so he says no need to honor the treaty

Jefferson

Disagrees & says need to honor the agreement

washington’s opinion of the French issue

Washinton says U.S. politically disunited, economy shambles, & says don’t want war or go into another fight

what does Franklin say?

let birth rate solve problems

Proclamation of Neutrality

issued by washington

says U.S. at peace w/Britain and French

encourages u.S. citizens not to commit harmful actions to either side

Washington worried about losing trade w/Britain

What does Jefferson think about Washington’s procalcmation of neutrality

Jefferson believes that Washington violated constitution b/c washington passed proclamation without congressional approval

How does France respond to this proclamation of neutrality?

France sends Citizen Genet over as U.S. ambassador

Genet reads about harmful stories about how Washingoton violated consiituion and was bad

Genet starts recruiting U.S. ctiiznes for Frnech army

Both wash and jeff appalled

gets a warning from washington for a cease and stop

What does washington do with Genet

washington lets him stay in U.S. b/c in France there was kinda lots of decapitation and stuff - unstable

results of this citizen Genet affair

tensions between Washington and France increase

Neutrality Act

issued by congress this time

same as washington’s procalamtion

What is going on with Britain and the seas?

British tries to cut off commerce at sea —> tries to cursh Frnech by destroying Frnech ships

U.S. can now slide in & take over the French trade that slacked now

BUT British announce that they are going to seize all neutral ships in West Indies

Impress

Kidnapping a sailor onto their ship

How do the democratic republicans respond?

Democratic Republicans want to go to war w/british

what does hamilton think of the democratic republicans wants?

Hamilton says no nononon war because then the economy would be destroyed

whatr does washington do

sends John Jay to negotiate with the British

what threat does John Jay have

going to war with British

what does Hamilton do that ruins the U.S. negotiation chance

leaks the fact that U.S. not planning on declaring war

what happens with John Jay?

mission pretty much fails

but comes back with Jay’s Treaty

Jay’s treaty

1)British had to withdraw British troops in British territory

2) settle pre revolution war debts

3) handle claims for damaged ships when impressed sailors

4) sort out unorganized territory

treaty DOES NOT solve issue of impressing sailors

basically same as treaty of paris

who controlled the house and senate?

federalists

what happened with congress and jay’s treaty

congress ratified the treaty

what did Jay’s treaty result in

Pinckney's Treaty

Pinckney’s Treaty

Jay’s treaty scared Spanish b/c they thought that the British and U.S. were becoming friends

Recognizes Florida border at 33rd parallel

free navigation of Mississippi river

start rounding up the natives

whats going on in ohio and the British

Along the ohio river western border

british didn’t want to give up this area & natives fought w/U.S.

Miami Confederacy

leader was Chief Little Turtle

challenged U.S. and said boundary was along Ohio River

Washington sent General Mad Anthony Lane to defeat Miami Confederacy

Battle of Fallen Timbers

lasted a day but ended the conflict

Treaty of Greenville

U.S. gives Natives money ($1,000 per year)

Natives cede territory

Natives agreed because they thought they were getting recognition as a nation —> this not true though

Foreign and domestic successes under washington

?????????????

MISSING ONE DAYS WORTH OF NOTES

MISSING ONE DAY"S WORTH OF NOTES

How were elections run?

caucus system

Caucus system

congress chooses good president candidates

who were the candidates for the second election?

Jefferson, Hamilton, Pinckney, Burr, Adams

Hamilton realtionship with Adams

they fought

who did hamitlon want as vp

Pinckney

Election results

Adams - 71 votes

Pinckney - 59

Jefferson - 68

who became president and vp

Adams - president

Jefferson - vp

What was Adam’s presidency like

extension of washington’s

How was Adams as a president?

1) Adams had little administrative experience

2) Prickly personality

3) no close circle of friends

What mistake did Adams make?

Kept Washington’s cabinet —> cabinet was loyal to Washington and therefore loyal to Hamilton

Why did Adams keep the cabinet?

Because the constitution never said anything about changing cabinets only choosing them

1st part of Adam’s presidency

XYZ Affair

XYZ Affair

Involves the Frnech

French thought Jay’s treaty was a violation of Franco-American alliance —> refused to receive U.S. ambassador

Frnech harrass u.s. ships going to British

Adams wants to avoid war

send John martial and Gerry (←whats his name?) as delegates

Frnech send low level agents “XYZ“ to receive delegates - insult

XYZ demanded huge amounts of money (bribe)

Adams stood up to the French —> his popularity went up

Adams prepares for war - enlarges army —> has to raise taxes to pay for it

Makes U.S. look like ready for war

then sends diploamts back to France - Napolean is new leader of france —> they negotiate a deal —>

ends franco american alliance

french agrees to stop harassing U.S. ships but not pay for damages

off day elections ?????/ (what are these called)

results in more federalists in congress???? is this right??????

what happens with the new majority in congress

passes 3 acts

Naturalization Act

Alien Act

Sedition Act

Naturilization Act

Extends naturilzation period from 5 to 14 years

most immigrants voted Democratic republican —> so push back when they get a voice

Alien Act

Authorized president to deport any aliens that were dangeous or detian them in war

Sedition Act

says newspapers can’t criticize government

Nullification Doctrine

states declare laws null & void in their state

Virginia Resolution

written by Madison

Kentucky Resolution

written by Jefferson

Why did the states think they could have the nullification doctrine

because the states entered a compact with the federal government

if the governemnt did bad then states can nullify