Studied by 13 people
Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
Space
The geometric surface of the Earth.
Activity Space
The area where daily activities occur.
Place
A bounded area of human importance.
Toponym
A place-name assigned to a location.
Scale
Relationship of an object or place to the Earth.
Sequent Occupancy
Succession of cultural influences in a place's history.
Formal Regions
Areas with homogeneous characteristics.
Functional Regions
Areas with a central node serving a purpose.
Vernacular Regions
Regions based on residents' perception.
Absolute Location
Defines a point using coordinates.
Relative Location
Location compared to a known place.
Distance Decay
Interaction decreases with distance.
Friction of Distance
Inhibits interaction between points.
Space-Time Compression
Decreased time and distance between places.
Central Place Theory
Analysis of city locations and economic exchange.
Core and Periphery
Relationships in regional phenomena.
Diffusion Patterns
Ways in which phenomena spread spatially.
Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
Computer programs for spatial analysis.
Global Positioning System (GPS)
Network of satellites for location.
Demographic Transition Model (DTM)
Theory of population changes over time.
Newly Industrialized Countries (NICs)
Countries that have experienced rapid industrialization and economic growth, transitioning from primarily agricultural to manufacturing-based economies.
Epidemiological Transition Model (ETM)
A model that explains the changing population patterns in societies as they develop, particularly focusing on the shifts in birth and death rates due to medical advancements.
Stage-By-Stage Development
The sequential progression of societies through different stages characterized by specific demographic and economic features.
S-Curve of Population
A graphical representation showing the growth, stabilization, and decline of a population in relation to the carrying capacity of its environment.
Zero Population Growth (ZPG)
A state where birth rates equal death rates, resulting in no net increase in the population size.
Malthusian Theory
A theory proposing that population growth will outpace food production, leading to a crisis unless population control measures are implemented.
Population Pyramids
Visual representations of a population's age and gender distribution, providing insights into the demographic structure of a region.
Cultural Synthesis (Syncretism)
The blending of different cultural influences to create a new, unique cultural expression.
Postmodern Architecture
Architectural style characterized by unconventional designs, abandoning traditional rectilinear shapes for more organic and innovative structures.
Major Language Families
Broad groupings of languages sharing common ancestry, such as Indo-European, Sino-Tibetan, Niger-Congo, Afro-Asiatic, and Austronesian.
Dravidian
A language family spoken by 230 million people in and around the Indian subcontinent.
Anatolian theory
A theory suggesting that migrants from the Indian subcontinent moved to present-day Turkey before spreading into Europe.
Folk music
Original music specific to a culture, often incorporating unique instruments and cultural stories.
Bluegrass
A popular folk music type originating in Kentucky, influencing country and rock music.
Continental cuisine
Formal food traditions from mainland Europe, including haute cuisine and traditional dishes.
Five Pillars of Islam
Core principles guiding moral behavior for Muslims, including daily prayers and pilgrimage to Mecca.
Caste System
Social hierarchy in India with five main castes, including Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, Shudras, and Dalits.
Theocracy
A form of government where religious leaders hold senior positions, as seen in Iran.
Folklore
Stories and histories specific to a culture, often defining ethical foundations and societal histories.
Race
Physical characteristics defining common genetic heritage, categorized into Mongoloid, Caucasoid, and Negroid groups.
Lebensraum
The living space for each distinct nation based on optimal physical geography of the culture group.
Neo-Nazism
Based on violent racism against non-whites and immigrants or violent expression of xenophobia.
Ethnocentrism
The belief in the superiority of one's nation or ethnic group and the inferiority of others.
Cultural relativism
The idea that beliefs and activities are understood in the context of one's culture.
Internal identity
Expressing cultural heritage to those sharing the same background.
External identity
Expressing cultural heritage to those from different backgrounds.
Culture regions
Bounded spaces with homogeneous cultural characteristics.
Fuzzy borders
Cultural regions with unclear boundaries.
Cultural hearth
Localized area where cultures originate or have main population centers.
Acculturation
Adapting to a new culture while retaining aspects of the original.
Assimilation
Complete change in identity as a minority culture merges with the majority.
Cultural survival
Efforts to protect and promote indigenous cultures.
Genocide
Large-scale systematic killing of people from one ethnic group.
Country
Identifiable land area.
Nation
Population with a single culture.
State
Population under a single government with sovereign territory.
Nation-state
Single culture under a single government.
Sovereignty
State's independence from outside control with international recognition.
Federal states
Provide military protection, administer foreign diplomacy, and regulate trade.
Supranationalism
Two or more sovereign states aligned for a common purpose.
Boundary Process
The process of claiming, negotiating, or capturing borders.
Delimitation Process
Placing borders on the map.
Demarcation Process
Placing markers on the ground to show where borders lie.
Physical Border
Natural boundaries like rivers, mountains, or deserts.
Cultural Border
Estimated boundaries between nations, ethnic groups, or tribes.
Geometric Border
Boundaries surveyed along lines of latitude and longitude.
Definitional Dispute
Interpretation differences in border treaties.
Locational Dispute
Border movement due to natural changes like rivers shifting.
Operational Dispute
Issues with passage across agreed borders.
Allocational Dispute
Disputes over resources lying across borders.
Frontier
Open and undefined territory.
Tyranny of the Map
Imposition of boundaries not matching cultural boundaries.
State Morphology
Impact of a country's shape on society and external relations.
Compact State
Shape without irregularity like Nigeria.
Fragmented State
Broken into pieces like the Philippines.
Elongated State
Stretched-out shape like Chile.
Prorupt State
State with a panhandle or peninsula like Italy.
Perforated State
State with holes like South Africa.
Landlocked State
State with no sea or ocean borders like Switzerland.
Territorial Change
Alteration of state territory through annexation or decolonization.
Capitals
Seat of government in a state.
Suffrage
Voting rights based on age, race, and gender.
Gerrymandering
Irregularly shaped districts for political advantage.
Feudalism
Political economy with aristocracy controlling land and wealth.
Absolute Monarchy
Supreme aristocrat as head of state and government.
Constitutional Monarchy
Supreme aristocrat as head of state with elected parliament leader.
Commonwealth of Nations
Independent former British Empire parts with the British monarch as head of state.
Free-Market Democracies
Countries with elected-representative parliamentary systems.
Separation of Powers
Division of executive, legislative, and judicial branches.
Marxist-Socialism
Political-economic theories aiming to address feudalism and capitalism inequalities.
Heartland-Rimland model
Defines global geopolitical landscape and potential conflict areas
Primary commodity of conflict
Resource countries fight over
Shatterbelt theory
Proposed by Saul Cohen in 1950
Pivot Area
Modified concept from Mackinder's Heartland
Buffer states
Surround hostile countries to protect them
Containment
Strategic policy proposed by George Kennan in 1947
Terrorism
Planned violent attacks to cause fear and policy change
State terrorism
Governments using violence to control their people
Primary economy
Includes timber, fisheries, minerals, and energy
Intensive agriculture
Requires lots of labor or focuses on small plots
Note 
Flashcard (29)