PTCB Flash Cards Drugs Top 223 Drugs

Cetirizine

BRAND NAME: Zyrtec

DRUG CLASS: Histamine H1 antagonist

DRUG USE: Allergic rhinitis; urticaria

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; chewable tablet; oral solution

PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 5-10 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Drowsiness; fatigue; headache; diarrhea; pharyngitis; dizziness

CONTRAINDICATION: Hepatic impairment; renal impairment.

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: sertraline, stavudine

Promethazine

BRAND NAME: Phenergan

DRUG CLASS: Histamine H1 antagonist

DRUG USE: Motion sickness; nausea and vomiting

DOSAGE FORMS): Tablet; suppository; oral solution; injection solution

PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 6.25 - 25 t.i.d. q.i.d. p.r.n.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Nausea; vomiting

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity or idiosyncratic reaction to promethazine, other phenothiazines, or any component of the formulation; pediatric patients

Levocetirizine

BRAND NAME: Xyzal

DRUG CLASS: Histamine H1 antagonist

DRUG USE: Allergic rhinitis; urticaria

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; oral solution

PREGNANCY WARNING: No human data—Animal data suggest low risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 2.5-5 mg PO q.p.m.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Diarrhea; drowsiness; fatigue; constipation; vomiting; nasopharyngitis CONTRAINDICATION: Known hypersensitivity to levocetirizine, cetirizine, or any component of the formulation; end-stage renal disease (CrCl less than 10 mL/min); patients undergoing hemodialysis; children 6 months to 11 years of age with renal impairment.

hydroxyzine

BRAND NAME: Vistaril

DRUG CLASS: Histamine H1 antagonist, first generation

DRUG USE: Anxiety; pruritus/urticaria; nausea/vomiting

DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; tablet; oral syrup; IM solution

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 25-100 mg PO q4-6h p.r.n.25-100 mg IM q4-6h p.r.n.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Drowiness; xerostomia; respiratory depression

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to hydroxyzine, cetirizine, levocetirizine, or any component of the formulation; early pregnancy; prolonged QT interval

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: hydraALAZINE, hydroCHLOROthiazide, Hydrogesic, HYDROmorphone, hydroxyurea

loratadine

BRAND NAME: Claritin

DRUG CLASS: Histamine H1 antagonist

DRUG USE: Allergic rhinitis or conjunctivitis; urticaria

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; solution; ODT

PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 10 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Headache

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to loratadine or any component of the formulation

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Clairspray

meclizine

BRAND NAME: Antivert

DRUG CLASS: Histamine H1 antagonist

DRUG USE: Motion sickness; vertigo

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; chewable tablet

PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 25-100 mg per day in divided doses

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Vomiting; anaphylaxis; drowsiness; fatigue; headache

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to meclizine or any component of the formulation.

Gemfibrozil

BRAND NAME: Lopid

DRUG CLASS: Fibric acid

DRUG USE: Hypertriglyceridemia

DOSAGE FORMS): Tablet

PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 1200 mg two divided doses

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Dyspepsia, fatigue; abdominal pain; nausea; vomiting

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to gemfibrozil or any component of the formulation; hepatic or severe renal dysfunction; primary biliary cirrhosis; preexisting gallbladder disease; concurrent use with dasabuvir, repaglinide, selexipag, or simvastatin.

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: gabapentin

Dulaglutide

BRAND NAME: Trulicity

DRUG CLASS: GLP-1 agonist

DRUG USE: Diabetes mellitus, type 2

DOSAGE FORM(S): Pen-injector

PREGNANCY WARNING: No human data—Animal data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 0.75-4.5 mg SC/week

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hypoglycemia, Diarrhea; nausea; vomiting, tachycardia; abdominal pain, constipation, decreased appetite, dyspepsia, fatigue

CONTRAINDICATION: Serious hypersensitivity to dulaglutide or any component of the formulation; personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC); patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN2).

BOXED WARNING: Risk of thyroid C-cell tumors

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Tanzeum, Toujeo, Tradenta, Tresiba

Oxycodone

BRAND NAME: OxyContin; Roxicodone

DRUG CLASS: Opioid analgesic

DRUG USE: Moderate to severe pain

DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; tablet; ER capsule; ER tablet; oral concentrate; oral solution

DEA SCHEDULE: II

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Individualized dosage

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Pruritus; constipation; nausea; vomiting; dizziness; drowsiness; headache

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis, angioedema) to oxycodone or any component of the formulation; significant respiratory depression; hypercapnia; acute or severe bronchial asthma in an unmonitored setting or in the absence of resuscitative equipment; GI obstruction, including paralytic ileus (known or suspected).

BOXED WARNING: Addiction, abuse, and misuse; opioid analgesic risk evaluation and mitigation strategy (REMS); life-threatening respiratory depression; accidental ingestion; neonatal opioid withdrawal; cytochrome P450 3A4 interaction; risks from concomitant use with benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants; risk of medication errors (oral solution)

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: HYDROcodone, oxybutynin, ocyCODONE, oxyCONTIN, oxyMORphone, oxytocin, MS Contin

fentanyl

BRAND NAME: Duragesic

DRUG CLASS: Opioid analgesic

DRUG USE: Chronic pain

DOSAGE FORM(S): Transdermal patch; buccal lozenge; injection solution; IV solution; prefilled syringe; buccal tablet

DEA SCHEDULE: II

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Individualized dosage

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Peripheral edema; hyperhidrosis; dehydration; hypokalemia; weight loss; abdominal pain; anorexia; constipation; diarrhea; dysgeus; nausea; vomiting; anemia; asthenia; confusion; depression; dizziness; drowsiness; fatigue; headache; insomnia; back pain; dyspnea; pneumonia

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis, hypersensitivity) to fentanyl or any component of the formulation; significant respiratory depression (Actiq, Fentora only); acute or severe bronchial asthma in an unmonitored setting or in the absence of resuscitative equipment; GI obstruction, including paralytic ileus (known or suspected); acute or postoperative pain (including headache, migraine, or dental pain); acute pain management in the emergency room; patients who are not opioid tolerant.

BOXED WARNING: Life-threatening respiratory depression; serious, life-threatening, or fatal respiratory depression may occur; concomitant use of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants may result in sedation, respiratory depression, coma and death; accidental ingestion; cytochrome P450 3A4 interaction; risk of medication errors; addiction, abuse, and misuse; REMS program; neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: ALfentanil, SUFentanil

morphine sulfate

BRAND NAME: Kadian; MS Contin

DRUG CLASS: Opioid analgesic

DRUG USE: Anesthesia; moderate to severe pain

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER capsule; ER tablet; oral solution; suppository; injection solution; IV solution; prefilled syringe; IV prefilled syringe

DEA SCHEDULE: II

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Varies based on diagnosis

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Bradycardia; tachycardia; hypertension; hypotension; edema; anxiety; confusion; drowsiness; fatigue; headache; insomnia; malaise; hyperhidrosis; dehydration; abdominal pain; anorexia; constipation; diarrhea; dysgeuia; nausea; anemia; weakness

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to the drug or known intolerance to other opioids or any components of the formulation; significant respiratory depression, acute or severe bronchial asthma in an unmonitored setting or in the absence of resuscitative equipment, GI obstruction, including paralytic ileus (known or suspected) (excluding fentanyl sublingual tablet/spray, opium, paregoric, remifentanil, sufentanil injection).

BOXED WARNING: Addiction, abuse, and misuse; life-threatening respiratory depression; accidental ingestion/exposure; interactions with drugs affecting cytochrome P450 isoenzymes

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: KApidex

tramadol

BRAND NAME: Ultram

DRUG CLASS: Opioid analgesic

DRUG USE: Pain management

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER tablet; ER capsule; oral solution; oral suspension; cream

DEA SCHEDULE: IV

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 1st and 3rd trimesters

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 50-100 mg PO q4-6h

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Constipation; dyspepsia; nausea; xerostomia; dizziness; drowsiness; headache; vertigo

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis) to tramadol, opioids, or any component of the formulation; pediatric patients

Nitrofurantoin

BRAND NAME: Furadantin; Macrobid; Macrodantin

DRUG CLASS: Antibiotic

DRUG USE: Cystitis

DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; oral suspension

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 3rd trimester

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 100 mg q12h

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Flatulence; nausea; headache

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to the drug or any component of the formulation; anuria, oliguria, or significant impairment of renal function (CrCl

metronidazole

BRAND NAME: Flagyl; Flagyl ER

DRUG CLASS: Antibiotic

DRUG USE: Amebiasis; bone and joint infections; CNS infections; endocarditis; gynecologic infections; intra-abdominal infections; lower respiratory tract infections; sepsis; skin and skin structure infections; trichomoniasis

DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; tablet; oral suspension; IV solution; cream; gel; vaginal gel; lotion

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 500 mg q8h

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Nausea; vomiting; headache; vaginitis; diarrhea; metalic taste; pruritus; bacterial infection; dizziness

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to metronidazole, nitroimidazole derivatives, or any component of the formulation; during the first trimester of pregnancy in patients with trichomoniasis (with the exception of Likmez); use of disulfiram within the last 2 weeks; use with alcohol or propylene glycol-containing products during therapy and for 3 days after therapy discontinuation; Cockayne syndrome.

BOXED WARNING: Carcinogenic in mice and rats

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: metFORMIN

mupirocin

BRAND NAME: Bactroban

DRUG CLASS: Antibiotic

DRUG USE: Impetigo; secondary skin infection

DOSAGE FORM(S): Cream; ointment

PREGNANCY WARNING: No human data—Probably compatible

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Apply topically b.i.d.-t.i.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Headache; stinging sensation; pruritis

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to mupirocin or any component of the formulation.

Amlodipine + benazepril

BRAND NAME: Lotrel

DRUG CLASS: Calcium channel blocker + angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor combination

DRUG USE: Hypertension

DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule

PREGNANCY WARNING: Amlodipine: Human data suggest low riskBenzapril: Human data suggest risk in 2nd and 3rd trimesters

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 2.5-10 mg amlodipine + 10-40 mg benazepril PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Cough; headache; edema; dizziness; fatigue

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to amlodipine, benazepril, other ACE inhibitors, or any component of the formulation; history of angioedema (with or without previous ACE inhibitor treatment); coadministration with aliskiren in patients with diabetes; coadministration with a neprilysin inhibitor (eg, sacubitril) or within 36 hours of switching to or from a neprilysin inhibitor.

BOXED WARNING: Do not use during pregnancy

Cephalexin

BRAND NAME: Keflex

DRUG CLASS: Cephalosporin antibiotic (1st generation)

DRUG USE: Bone infections; otitis media; respiratory tract infections; skin and soft tissue infections; urinary tract infections

DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; tablet; oral suspension

PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 250 mg q6h or 500 mg q12h

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Diarrhea; nausea; vomiting; rash; headache; dizziness

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to cephalexin, other cephalosporins, or any component of the formulation.

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Keppra

cefuroxime

BRAND NAME: Ceftin

DRUG CLASS: Cephalosporin antibiotic (2nd generation)

DRUG USE: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); Lyme disease; otitis media; sinusitis; skin and skin-structure infections; streptococcal pharyngitis

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; IV solution; injection solution

PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 250 or 500 mg q12h

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Diarrhea; nausea; vomiting; unpleasant taste

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to cefuroxime, any component of the formulation, or other beta-lactam antibacterial drugs (eg, penicillins, cephalosporins).

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: sulfaSALAzine

cefdinir

BRAND NAME: Omnicef

DRUG CLASS: Cephalosporin antibiotic (3rd generation)

DRUG USE: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); otitis media; pneumonia; rhinosinusitis; skin and soft tissue infections; streptococcal pharyngitis

DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; oral suspension

PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 7 mg/kg q12h

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Nausea; diarrhea; headache; abdominal pain

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to cefdinir, any component of the formulation, or other cephalosporins.

Nortriptyline

BRAND NAME: Pamelor

DRUG CLASS: Tricyclic antidepressant

DRUG USE: Major depressive disorder

DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; oral solution

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: Yes

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 3rd trimester

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 50-150 mg PO q.h.s.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Edema; flushing; priritus; weight changes; constipation; diarrhea; nausea; anxiety

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to nortriptyline and similar chemical class dibenzazepines, or any component of the formulation; use in a patient during the acute recovery phase of myocardial infarction (MI); use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) (concurrently or within 14 days of discontinuing either nortriptyline or the MAOI); initiation of nortriptyline in a patient receiving IV methylene blue.

BOXED WARNING: Suicidality in children and adolescents

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Panlor DC, Tambocor

imipramine

BRAND NAME: Tofranil

DRUG CLASS: Tricyclic antidepressant

DRUG USE: Major depressive disorder; childhood enuresis

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; capsule

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 75 mg q.d. increased to 200 mg/day

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Confusion; disorientation; delusion; anxiety; restlessness; agitation; insomnia; numbness; tingling; dry mouth; blurred vision; constipation; skin rash; itching; edema; nausea; vomiting; diarrhea; effect on blood sugar

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to imipramine (cross-reactivity with other dibenzodiazepines may occur) or any component of the formulation; acute recovery period after a myocardial infarction (MI); use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) intended to treat psychiatric disorders (concurrently or within 14 days of discontinuing either imipramine or the MAOI); initiation in patients receiving IV methylene blue.

BOXED WARNING: Suicidality and antidepressant drugs

amitriptyline

BRAND NAME: Elavil

DRUG CLASS: Tricyclic antidepressant

DRUG USE: Major depressive disorder

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet

THERAPEUTIC INDEX: Yes

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 40-150 mg PO q.h.s.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Drowsiness; dizziness; constipation; blurred vision; palpitations; nausea; confusion; urinary retention; photosensitivity; tremor

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to amitriptyline or any component of the formulation; coadministration with or within 14 days of MAOIs; coadministration with cisapride; acute recovery phase following myocardial infarction.

BOXED WARNING: Suicidality and antidepressant drugs

insulin degludec

BRAND NAME: Tresiba; Tresiba Flex Touch

DRUG CLASS: Long-acting insulin

DRUG USE: Diabetes, types 1 and 2

DOSAGE FORM(S): SC solution; pen-injector

PREGNANCY WARNING: No human data—Animal data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Individualized dosage SC q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hypoglycemia; headache; antibody development; nasopharyngitis; viral respiratory tract infection

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to insulin degludec or any component of the formulation; during episodes of hypoglycemia.

insulin detemir

BRAND NAME: Levemir

DRUG CLASS: Long-acting insulin

DRUG USE: Diabetes, types 1 and 2

DOSAGE FORM(S): SC solution; pen-injector

PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Individualized dosage given SC q.d.- b.i.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hypoglycemia; headache; antibody development; nasopharyngitis; viral respiratory tract infection; diarrhea

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to insulin detemir or any component of the formulation; during episodes of hypoglycemia.

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Lovenox

insulin glargine

BRAND NAME: Lantus; Basaglar; Toujeo

DRUG CLASS: Long-acting insulin

DRUG USE: Diabetes, types 1 and 2

DOSAGE FORM(S): SC solution; pen-injectorDEA PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Individualized dosage given SC q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hypoglycemia; headache; antibody development; nasopharyngitis; viral respiratory tract infection

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to insulin glargine or any component of the formulation; during episodes of hypoglycemia.

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Latuda, Lente

Lithium

BRAND NAME: Lithobid

DRUG CLASS: Antimanic agent

DRUG USE: Bipolar disorder

DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; tablet; ER tablet; oral solution

ARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: Yes

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: IR: 600-1800 mg/D divided b.i.d.-t.i.d.ER: 900-1200 mg/D divided b.i.d.-t.i.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Tremor; polyuria; cognitive impairment; blurred vision; dizziness

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to lithium or any component of the formulation.B

OXED WARNING: Potential Lithium toxicity, monitor levels

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Ultram

Rabeprazole

BRAND NAME: AcipHex

DRUG CLASS: Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)

DRUG USE: GERD; Heliobacter pylori eradication; pathological hypersecretory conditions;

peptic ulcer disease

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet

PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 20 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Abdominal pain; diarrhea; vomiting

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis, anaphylactic shock, angioedema, bronchospasm, acute tubulointerstitial nephritis, urticaria) to rabeprazole, other substituted benzimidazoles, or any component of the formulation; concomitant use with rilpivirine-containing products.

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: ARIPiprazole

omeprazole

BRAND NAME: Prilosec

DRUG CLASS: Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)

DRUG USE: GERD; heartburn; gastric ulcer; Heliobacter pylori eradication; peptic ulcer disease; Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

DOSAGE FORM(S): DR capsule; DR tablet; DR ODT

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 20 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Diarrhea; headache; abdominal pain; nausea; vomiting; flatulence; dizziness; rash; upper respiratory infection

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis, anaphylactic shock, angioedema, bronchospasm, acute tubulointerstitial nephritis, urticaria) to omeprazole, other substituted benzimidazole proton pump inhibitors, or any component of the formulation; concomitant use with products that contain rilpivirine.

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: fomepizole, Pristiq, PROzac

lansoprazole

BRAND NAME: Prevacid

DRUG CLASS: Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)

DRUG USE: Duodenal and gastric ulcers; GERD; Helicobacter pylori eradication; pathological hypersecretory conditions

DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; DR capsule; oral suspension

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 15-30 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Abdominal pain; constipation; diarrhea; nausea; dizziness; headache

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis, anaphylactic shock, angioedema, bronchospasm, acute tubulointerstitial nephritis, urticaria) to lansoprazole or any component of the formulation; concomitant use with products that contain rilpivirine.

pantoprazole

BRAND NAME: Protonix

DRUG CLASS: Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)

DRUG USE: GERD; Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

DOSAGE FORM(S): DR tablet; packet; IV solution; oral suspension

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 20 mg PO/IV q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Headache

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis, anaphylactic shock, angioedema, bronchospasm, acute tubulointerstitial nephritis, urticaria) to pantoprazole, other substituted benzimidazole proton pump inhibitors, or any component of the formulation; in combination with rilpivirine-containing products.

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Lotronex, protamine

esomeprazole

BRAND NAME: Nexium

DRUG CLASS: Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)

DRUG USE: Upper GI bleed; GERD; Heliobacter pylori eradication; pathological hypersecretory conditions; risk reduction of NSAID-associated gastric ulcer

DOSAGE FORM(S): DR capsule; DR tablet; packet; IV solution

PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 20-40 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Headache; abdominal pain; diarrhea; nausea; vomiting; flatulence; dizziness; xerostomia

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis, anaphylactic shock, angioedema, bronchospasm, acute tubulointerstitial nephritis, urticaria) to esomeprazole, other substituted benzimidazole proton pump inhibitors, or any component of the formulation; concomitant use with products that contain rilpivirine.

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: NexAVAR

Carbamazepine

BRAND NAME: Tegretol

DRUG CLASS: Antimanic agent; antiseizure agent

DRUG USE: Bipolar disorder; focal (partial) onset seizures and generalized-onset seizures;

neuropathic pain

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; chewable tablet; ER tablet; ER capsule; oral suspension

HAZARDOUS: Yes

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: Yes

PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible—Maternal benefit >> embryo-fetal risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: IR: 800-1200 mg/day divided b.i.d./q.i.d.ER: 400-600 mg b.i.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Drowsiness; constipation; skin problems; speech disturbance

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to TCAs; MOA inhibitor use; bone marrow depression; avoid abrupt withdrawal.

BOXED WARNING: Serious dermatologic reactions and HLA-B*1502 allele; aplastic anemia and agranulocytosis

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: OXcarbazepine, Tequin, Trental

divalproex

BRAND NAME: Depakote; Depakote ER

DRUG CLASS: Antimanic agent; antiseizure agent

DRUG USE: Bipolar disorder; focal (partial) onset and generalized onset seizures; migraine

DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; DR tablet; DR capsule; ER tablet; IV solution; oral solution

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: DR: Individual PO b.i.d.-t.i.d.ER: Individual PO q.d

.COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Alopecia; abdominal pain; anorexia; diarrhea; dyspepsia; nausea; vomiting; thrombocytopenia; asthenia; dizzinessl headache; insomnia; nervousness; pain; tremor; diplopia; visual disturbance; flu like symptoms

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to valproic acid, divalproex, derivatives, or any component of the formulation; hepatic disease or significant impairment; urea cycle disorders; prevention of migraine in pregnant women and women of childbearing potential who are not using effective contraception; known mitochondrial disorders caused by mutations in mitochondrial DNA POLG (eg, Alpers-Huttenlocher syndrome) and children younger than 2 years who are suspected of having a POLG-related disorder

.BOXED WARNING: Hepatotoxicity; patients with mitochondrial disease; fetal risk; pancreatitis

Hydralazine

BRAND NAME: Apresoline

DRUG CLASS: Vasodilator

DRUG USE: Hypertension

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; injection solution

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 3rd trimester

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 10 mg po q.i.d., increase to 25 mg PO q.i.d., then increase to 50 mg PO q.i.d., maintenance dose should be the lowest amount possible

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Acute myocardial infarction; angina pectoris; edema flushing; hypotension; myocardial stimulation; palpitations; paradoxical response to antihypertensive; tachycardia; pruritus; skin rash; urticaria; anorexia; constipation; diarrhea; nausea; paralytic ileus; vomiting; difficulty in micturition; agranulocytosis eosinophilia; leukopenia; lymphadenopathy; purpuric disease; splenomegaly; hepatitis; chills; dizziness; headache; peripheral neuropathy; psychotic reaction (including anxiety, depression, disorientation; euphoria; hypomania; nervousness; arthralgia; muscle cramps; tremor; conjunctivitis; lacrimation; dyspnea; nasal congestion

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to hydralazine or any component of the formulation; coronary artery disease; mitral valve rheumatic heart disease.

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: hydroCHLOROthiazide, HYDROmorphone, hydrOXYzine

nitroglycerin sublingual

BRAND NAME: NitroStat Sublingual

DRUG CLASS: Vasodilator

DRUG USE: Angina

DOSAGE FORM(S): SL tablet; SL spray

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 1 dose SL q5MIN up to 3 dosesCOMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Headache; syncope; dizziness; flushing; hypotension

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to nitroglycerin, other nitrates or nitrites, or any component of the formulation; concurrent use with phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors (eg, avanafil, sildenafil, tadalafil, or vardenafil); concurrent use with soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulators (eg, riociguat); acute circulatory failure or shock; early myocardial infarction; increased intracranial pressure; severe anemia.

isosorbide mononitrate

BRAND NAME: Imdur

DRUG CLASS: Vasodilator

DRUG USE: Angina pectoris prevention

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER tablet

PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest moderate risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 20 mg b.i.d. or 30-120 mg ER q.a.m.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Headache; dizziness; nausea

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to isosorbide mononitrate, other nitrates or nitrites, or any component of the formulation; concurrent use with phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors (sildenafil, tadalafil, or vardenafil) or riociguat.

nifedipine

BRAND NAME: Procardia; Procardia XL; Nifedical XL; Adalat CC

DRUG CLASS: Calcium channel blocker

DRUG USE: Angina; hypertension

DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; ER tablet

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 10-20 mg PO t.i.d. or 30-90 mg ER PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Flushing; edema; heartburn; nausea; dizziness; headache; asthenia

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to nifedipine or any component of the formulation(Ref); concomitant use with strong CYP3A4 inducers (eg, rifampin) (ER Adalat only); cardiogenic shock (ER Adalat only).

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: niCARdipine, niMODipine, Protain XL

amlodipine

BRAND NAME: Norvasc

DRUG CLASS: Calcium channel blocker

DRUG USE: Angina; hypertension

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; oral suspension

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 5-10 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Peripheral edema; fatigue; palpitations; dizziness; nausea; flushing; abdominal pain; pruritus

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to amlodipine or any component of the formulation.

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: aMILoride, Navane

diltiazem

BRAND NAME: Cardizem; Cartia; Dilacor; Tiazac; Taztia

DRUG CLASS: Calcium channel blocker

DRUG USE: Angina pectoris; hypertension

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER tablet; ER capsule; IV solution

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 30-90 mg PO q.i.d. or 120-480 mg ER PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Braycardia, hypotension, edema, dyspepsia, fatigue; headache, pain, pharyngitis

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to diltiazem or any component of the formulation; sick sinus syndrome (except in patients with a functioning artificial pacemaker); second- or third-degree atrioventricular (AV) block (except in patients with a functioning artificial pacemaker); hypotension (systolic less than 90 mm Hg); acute myocardial infarction (MI) and pulmonary congestion.

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: diazePAM

verapamil

BRAND NAME: Verelan; Verelan PM; Calan; Calan SR

DRUG CLASS: Calcium channel blocker

DRUG USE: Angina; atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter rate control; hypertension; supraventricular tachycardia

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER tablet; ER capsule; IV solution

PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 80-120 mg PO t.i.d. or 180 mg ER PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Headache

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to verapamil or any component of the formulation; severe left ventricular dysfunction; hypotension (systolic pressure less than 90 mm Hg) or cardiogenic shock; sick sinus syndrome (except in patients with a functioning artificial ventricular pacemaker); second- or third-degree AV block (except in patients with a functioning artificial ventricular pacemaker); atrial flutter or fibrillation and an accessory bypass tract (Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome)

prednisolone

BRAND NAME: OraPred

DRUG CLASS: Corticosteroid

DRUG USE: Anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressant agent

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ODT; oral solution

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest riskNORMAL ADULT DOSE: 5-60 mg /day divided q.d. q.i.d

.COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hirsutism; weight gain; erhythema; abdominal discomfort; rash; nausea; vomiting; fluid retention; dizziness; anxiety; depression

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to prednisolone or any component of the formulation; administration of live or attenuated virus vaccines (with immunosuppressive doses of corticosteroids); systemic fungal infections.

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: predniSONE

methylprednisolone

BRAND NAME: Medrol

DRUG CLASS: Corticosteroid

DRUG USE: Anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressant agent

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; injection solution; injection suspension

PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 4-48 mg per day, divided q.d.-q.i.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Fluid retention; glucose impact; increased appetite; increased INR

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to methylprednisolone or any component of the formulation; live or attenuated virus vaccines (with immunosuppressive doses of corticosteroids); systemic fungal infections.

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: medroxyPROGESTERone, methylTESTOSTERone

hydrocortisone

BRAND NAME: Cortef; Cortizone; Hytone; Cortenema; Proctocort

DRUG CLASS: Corticosteroid

DRUG USE: Adrenal insufficiency; allergic conditions; dermatoses; ulcerative colitis; respiratory diseases; rheumatic disorders

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; capsule; cream; ointment; lotion; gel; foam; suppository; enema; injection solution

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Individualized dosage

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Weight gain; nausea; vomiting; fluid retention; headache; dizziness; glucose intolerance

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to hydrocortisone or any component of the formulation; systemic fungal infections

triamcinolone

BRAND NAME: Aristocort; Kenalog; Nasacort

DRUG CLASS: Corticosteroid

DRUG USE: Dermatoses

DOSAGE FORM(S): Cream; ointment; lotion; spray

PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible (intranasal); human and animal data suggest risk (oral/parenteral/topical)

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Dosage dependent on dose form

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Burning; itching; dryness; secondary infection; contact dermatitis; skin atrophy

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to triamcinolone or any component of the formulation; fungal, viral or bacterial infections of the mouth or throat (oral paste only).

fluticasone intranasal

BRAND NAME: Flonase Allergy Relief

DRUG CLASS: Corticosteroid

DRUG USE: Rhinitis; rhinosinusitis

DOSAGE FORM(S): Nasal suspension

PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: One spray into each nostril q.d

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Headache; epistaxis

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to fluticasone or any component of the formulation.

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Flovent

fluticasone inhalation

BRAND NAME: Flovent Diskus; Flovent HFA

DRUG CLASS: Corticosteroid

DRUG USE: Asthma, maintenance/controller

DOSAGE FORM(S): Diskus; metered dose inhaler

PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Diskus: 1-2 puffs b.i.d.HFA: 2-4 puffs b.i.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Headache; epistaxis

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to fluticasone or any component of the formulation.

prednisone

BRAND NAME: Deltasone; Sterapred

DRUG CLASS: Corticosteroid

DRUG USE: Anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressant agen

tDOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; DR tablet; oral concentrate; oral solution

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest riskNORMAL ADULT DOSE: 5-60 mg PO q.d

.COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hirsutism; weight gain; erhythema; abdominal discomfort; rash; nausea; vomiting; fluid retention; dizziness; anxiety; depression

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to prednisone or to any component of the formulation; administration of live or live attenuated vaccines with immunosuppressive doses of prednisone; systemic fungal infections.

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: prednisoLONE

buprenorphine + naloxone

BRAND NAME: Suboxone

DRUG CLASS: Opioid analgesic + opioid partial agonist combination

DRUG USE: Opioid use disorder

DOSAGE FORM(S): Sublingual film; sublingual tablet

DEA SCHEDULE: |||

PREGNANCY WARNING: Buprenorphine: Limited human data—Probably compatibleNaloxone: Compatible

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Film: 16 mg/4 mg SL q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Withdrawal syndrome; tongue pain; nausea; constipation; headache; pain; increased sweating

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylactic shock) to buprenorphine, naloxone, or any component of the formulation.

ethinyl estradiol + norgestimate

BRAND NAME: Mili, Sprintec, MonoNessa, Tri-Lo-Marzia, Tri-Estarylia, Tri-Sprintec, Tri-Mili

DRUG CLASS: Estrogen + progestin combination

DRUG USE: Contraception; inflammatory acne vulgaris

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet

HAZARDOUS: Yes

PREGNANCY WARNING: Contraindicated

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Single tablet PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Nausea; vomiting; breakthrough bleeding; headache; migraine; acne vulgaris; skin rash; menstrual disease; weight changes; abdominal pain; breast cyst; breast hypertrophy; breast swelling; breast tenderness; mastalgia; nipple discharge; nipple pain; vaginal infection; vulvovaginal; mood disorder

CONTRAINDICATION: Breast cancer (current or a history of; may be hormonal-sensitive), hepatic tumors (benign or malignant) or hepatic disease, pregnancy, undiagnosed abnormal uterine bleeding; concomitant use of hepatitis C drug combinations containing ombitasvir/ritonavir, with or without dasabuvir. Use is also contraindicated in patients at high risk of arterial or venous thrombotic diseases for example, patients with: Cerebrovascular disease, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus with vascular disease, deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism (current or history of), hypercoagulopathies (inherited or acquired), hypertension (uncontrolled), headaches with focal neurological symptoms, migraine headaches with aura or migraine headaches if >35 years of age, thrombogenic valvular or rhythm diseases of the heart (eg, subacute bacterial endocarditis with valvular disease or atrial fibrillation), patients >35 years of age who smoke.

BOXED WARNING: Cigarette smoking increases cardiovascular side effects.

ethinyl estradiol + levonorgestrel

BRAND NAME: Aviane; Falmina; Lessina; Amethyst; Portia; Seasonale; Jolessa; Levora

DRUG CLASS: Estrogen + progestin combination

DRUG USE: Contraception

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; transdermal patch

HAZARDOUS: Yes

PREGNANCY WARNING: Contraindicated

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Single tablet PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Weight gain; nausea; dysmenorrhea; headache

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to ethinyl estradiol, levonorgestrel, or any component of the formulation; breast cancer (current or a history of; may be hormonal-sensitive); hepatic tumors, acute viral hepatitis or severe (decompensated) cirrhosis; hepatitis C drug combinations containing ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir, with or without dasabuvir; liver disease; undiagnosed abnormal uterine bleeding; BMI ≥30 kg/m2 (patch only). Patients at high risk of arterial or venous thrombotic diseases including: cerebrovascular disease; coronary artery disease; diabetes mellitus with any of the following: age >35 years, duration >20 years, hypertension, vascular disease, or other end-organ damage; deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism (current or history of); hypercoagulopathies (inherited or acquired); hypertension (uncontrolled); hypertension with vascular disease; migraine headaches with any of the following: age >35 years, aura, or focal neurological symptoms; thrombogenic valvular or rhythm diseases of the heart (eg, subacute bacterial endocarditis with valvular disease or atrial fibrillation); smoking if >35 years of age.

BOXED WARNING: Cigarette smoking and serious cardiovascular events

ethinyl estradiol + etonogestrel

BRAND NAME: NuvaRing; EluRyng; Haloette

DRUG CLASS: Estrogen + progestin combination

DRUG USE: Contraception

DOSAGE FORM(S): Vaginal ring

HAZARDOUS: Yes

PREGNANCY WARNING: Contraindicated

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 1 ring vaginally every 3 weeks

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Intermenstrual bleeding; vaginitis; headache

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity, including anaphylaxis and angioedema, to ethinyl estradiol, etonogestrel, or any component of the formulation; breast cancer (current or a history of; may be hormone sensitive); hepatic tumors (benign or malignant) or hepatic disease; pregnancy; undiagnosed abnormal uterine bleeding; concurrent use of hepatitis C drug combinations containing ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir, with or without dasabuvir. Use is also contraindicated in patients at high risk of arterial or venous thrombotic diseases, including cerebrovascular disease, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus with vascular disease, deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism (current or history of), headaches with focal neurological symptoms, migraine headaches with aura or migraine headaches if >35 years of age, hypertension (uncontrolled), thrombogenic valvular or rhythm diseases of the heart (eg, subacute bacterial endocarditis with valvular disease, atrial fibrillation), patients >35 years of age who smoke, inherited or acquired hypercoagulopathies.

BOXED WARNING: Cigarette smoke and serious cardiovascular events

ethinyl estradiol + norethindrone

BRAND NAME: Fyavolv; Jinteli; Jevantique; Junel; Larin; Loestrin; Microgestin; Norinyl; Nortrel D

DRUG CLASS: Estrogen + progestin combination

DRUG USE: Contraception; inflammatory acne vulgaris; osteoporosis; vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; capsule; chewable tablet HAZARDOUS: Yes

PREGNANCY WARNING: Contraindicated

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Single tablet PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Increased sex hormone binding globulin; edema; abdominal pain; mastalgia; headache; amenorrhea; changes in menstrual flow; breakthrough blessing; spotting; weight changes CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to ethinyl estradiol, norethindrone, or any component of the formulation; breast cancer (current or a history of; may be hormonal-sensitive), endometrial cancer, or other estrogen- or progestin-sensitive cancer; hepatic tumors (benign or malignant) or hepatic disease; cholestatic jaundice of pregnancy or jaundice with prior oral contraceptive use; undiagnosed abnormal uterine bleeding; concomitant use of hepatitis C drug combinations containing ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir, with or without dasabuvir. Use is also contraindicated in patients at high risk of arterial or venous thrombotic diseases, such as those with: cerebrovascular disease; coronary artery disease; patients >35 years of age with diabetes mellitus; diabetes mellitus with hypertension, vascular disease, or end-organ damage; diabetes mellitus for >20 years' duration; deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism (current or history of); hypertension (uncontrolled); hypertension with vascular disease; headaches with focal neurological symptoms; migraine headaches with aura or migraine headaches if >35

BOXED WARNING: Cigarette smoking and serious cardiovascular events; endometrial cancer; cardiovascular disease; breast cancer; dementia

Rosuvastatin

BRAND NAME: Crestor

DRUG CLASS: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin)

DRUG USE: Hypercholesterolemia; prevention of cardiovascular disease

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; capsule

PREGNANCY WARNING: Contraindicated in 1st trimester

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 5-40 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Myalgia

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, angioedema, pruritus, rash, urticaria) to rosuvastatin or any component of the formulation; active liver failure or decompensated cirrhosis

atorvastatin

BRAND NAME: Lipitor

DRUG CLASS: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin)

DRUG USE: Hypercholesterolemia; prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

PREGNANCY WARNING: Contraindicated 1st trimester

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 10-80 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Diarrhea; arthralgia; nasopharyngitis; nausea; UTI; insomnia; limb pain; myalgia; pharyngolaryngeal pain

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis, angioneurotic edema, erythema multiforme, Steven Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis) to atorvastatin or any component of the formulation; acute liver failure or decompensated cirrhosis.

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: atomoxetine, Loniten ZyrTEC

lovastatin

BRAND NAME: Mevacor

DRUG CLASS: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin)

DRUG USE: Dyslipidemia; hyperlididemia; prevention of atheroscleroic cardiovascular disease

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER tablet

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 2nd and 3rd trimesters

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 10-80 mg PO q.p.m

.COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Infection; increased creatine phosphokinase; constipation; diarrhea; flatuence; headache; pain

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis, angioedema, Stevens-Johnson syndrome) to lovastatin or any component of the formulation; active liver failure or decompensated cirrhosis; coadministration with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors and erythromycin

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Benicar

simvastatin

BRAND NAME: Zocor

DRUG CLASS: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin)

DRUG USE: Hypercholesterolemia; prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular events

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet

PREGNANCY WARNING: Contraindicated in 1st trimester

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 5-40 mg PO QPM

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Upper respiratory infection; headache; abdominal pain; constipation; gastritis; atrial fibrillation; vertigo, myalgia

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to simvastatin or any component of the formulation; acute liver disease or decompensated cirrhosis; concomitant use of strong CYP3A4 inhibitors (select azole antifungals [eg, itraconazole, ketoconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole, select macrolide antibiotics [eg, erythromycin and clarithromycin], select HIV protease inhibitors [eg, nelfinavir, ritonavir, darunavir/ritonavir], select hepatitis C virus protease inhibitors [eg, boceprevir, telaprevir], cobicistat-containing products, and nefazodone), cyclosporine, danazol, or gemfibrozil.

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Cozaar, ZyrTEC

pravastatin

BRAND NAME: Pravachol

DRUG CLASS: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin)

DRUG USE: Hypercholesterolemia; prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet

PREGNANCY WARNING: Contraindicated—1st trimester

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 10-80 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Musculoskeletal pain; upper respiratory tract infection; cough

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to pravastatin or any component of the formulation; active liver disease or decompensated cirrhosis.

spironolactone

BRAND NAME: Aldactone

DRUG CLASS: Potassium-sparing diuretic DRUG USE: Ascites; heart failure; hypertension; primary hyperaldosteronism DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet

HAZARDOUS: Yes

PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 25-100 mg PO/day divided q.d. and b.i.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Gynecomastia; nausea; vomiting; abdominal cramps; diarrhea; headache; dizziness; confusion

CONTRAINDICATION: Hyperkalemia; Addison disease; concomitant use with eplerenone.

BOXED WARNING: May increase tumor risk

acetaminophen

BRAND NAME: Tylenol

DRUG CLASS: Nonopioid analgesic

DRUG USE: Fever; pain

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; capsule; chewable tablet; ER tablet; powder; oral solution; oral suspension; suppository; IV solution

PREGNANCY WARNING: Short term use suggests low risk; long-term use suggests risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: No more than 4 g/day

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hepatotoxicity (if intentional or unintentional overdose occurs); erythema of skin; skin blister; skin rash; hearing loss

CONTRAINDICATION: Do not use with other drug products containing acetaminophen or if allergic to acetaminophen or any of the inactive ingredients.

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: acetaZOLAMIDE

rizatriptan

BRAND NAME: Maxalt; Maxalt MLT

DRUG CLASS: Serotonin 5-HT1B, 1D receptor agonist

DRUG USE: Migraine

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ODT

PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest moderate risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 5-10 mg PO p.r.n. migraine

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Blood pressure changes; nausea; vomiting; dizziness; drowsiness; fatigue; malaise; asthenia

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to rizatriptan or any component of the formulation; ischemic coronary artery disease (eg, angina pectoris, history of MI, or documented silent ischemia) or other significant underlying cardiovascular disease; coronary artery vasospasm (including Prinzmetal angina); history of stroke or transient ischemic attack; peripheral vascular disease; ischemic bowel disease; uncontrolled hypertension; during or within 24 hours of treatment with another 5-HT1 agonist, or an ergotamine-containing or ergot-type medication (eg, methysergide, dihydroergotamine); hemiplegic migraine or migraine with brainstem aura; during or within 2 weeks of monoamine oxidase inhibitor use; concurrent with propranolol (oral film only) Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome or arrhythmias associated with other cardiac accessory conduction pathway disorders.

sumatriptan

BRAND NAME: Imitrex

DRUG CLASS: Serotonin 5-HT1B, 1D receptor agonist

DRUG USE: Migraine

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; nasal solution; SC solution; auto-injector; prefilled syringe

PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 25-100 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Injection site reaction; malaise; fatigue; chest discomfort; dizziness; vertigo; flushing; drowsiness, nausea; vomiting

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, angioedema, anaphylaxis) to sumatriptan or any component of the formulation; ischemic heart disease or signs or symptoms of ischemic heart disease (coronary artery vasospasm, Prinzmetal angina, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, silent myocardial ischemia); Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome or arrhythmias associated with other cardiac accessory conduction pathway disorders; history of cerebrovascular syndromes (including strokes, transient ischemic attacks); history of hemiplegic or basilar migraine; peripheral vascular disease (including ischemic bowel disease); uncontrolled hypertension; use within 24 hours of ergotamine derivatives; use within 24 hours of another 5-HT1 agonist; concurrent administration or within 2 weeks of discontinuing MAO type A inhibitors; severe hepatic impairment.

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: SITagliptin, ZOLMitriptan

diazepam

BRAND NAME: Valium

DRUG CLASS: Benzodiazepine

DRUG USE: Alcohol withdrawal syndrome; anxiety; muscle spasm, spasiticy and/or rigidity; seizures

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; oral concentrate; oral solution; buccal film; nasal liquid; rectal gel; injection solution; auto-injector

DEA SCHEDULE: IV

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 1st and 3rd trimester

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 2-10 mg PO b.i.d.-q.i.d. or 5-10 mg IM/IV Q 3-4 hoursC

OMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Drowsiness; hypotension; vasodilation; skin rash; abdominal pain; diarrhea; dysgeusia; hiccups; ataxia; dizziness; euphoria; headacheCONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to diazepam or any component of the formulation; acute narrow-angle glaucoma.BOXED WARNING: Risks from concomitant use with opioids; abuse, misuse, and addiction; dependence and withdrawal reactionsMAY BE CONFUSED WITH: dilTIAZem

lorazepam

BRAND NAME: Ativan

DRUG CLASS: Benzodiazepine

DRUG USE: Anxiety

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER capsule; oral concentrate; IV solution

DEA SCHEDULE: IV

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 1st and 3rd trimesters

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 1-6 mg q.d. IM/IV b.i.d.-t.i.d

.COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Drowsiness; sedated state, asthenia

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to lorazepam or any component of the formulation, or other benzodiazepines (cross-sensitivity with other benzodiazepines may exist); acute narrow-angle glaucoma.

BOXED WARNING: Risks from concomitant use with opioids; Abuse, misuse, and addiction, Dependence and withdrawal reactions

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: ALPRAZolam, clonzaePAM, Lovaza

alprazolam

BRAND NAME: Xanax

DRUG CLASS: Benzodiazepine

DRUG USE: Anxiety disorders

DOSAGE FORM(S): Oral concentrate; tablet; ER tablet; ODT

DEA SCHEDULE: IV

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human and animal data suggest risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Immediate release and ODT tabs: 0.25-0.5 mg PO t.i.d.ER: 3 to 6 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Dizziness; hypotension; constipation; vomiting; blurred vision; nervousness; abnormal dreams; tremor

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to alprazolam, any component of the formulation, or other benzodiazepines (cross-sensitivity with other benzodiazepines may exist); concurrent therapy with strong cytochrome P-450 3A (CYP3A) inhibitors (eg, itraconazole, ketoconazole), except ritonavir; acute narrow angle glaucoma.

BOXED WARNING: Risk from concomitant use with opioids; abuse, misuse, and addiction; dependence and withdrawal reactions.

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: LORazepam, clonazePAM, Fanapt, Tenex, Zantac,

temazepam

BRAND NAME: Restoril

DRUG CLASS: Benzodiazepine

DRUG USE: Insomnia

DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule

DEA SCHEDULE: IV

HAZARDOUS: Yes

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 3rd trimester

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 7.5-30 mg PO q.h.s. p.r.n.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Drowsiness; fatigue; dizziness; ataxia; confusionCONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to temazepam or any component of the formulation

.BOXED WARNING: Risks from concomitant use with opioids; abuse, misuse, and addiction; dependence and withdrawal reactions

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: RisperDAL

clonazepam

BRAND NAME: Klonopin

DRUG CLASS: Benzodiazepine

DRUG USE: Panic disorder; seizure disorders

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ODT

DEA SCHEDULE: IV

HAZARDOUS: Yes

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 0.5-1 mg PO t.i.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Ataxia, behavioral problems; dizziness; drowsiness; pain disorder.

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to clonazepam, other benzodiazepines, or any component of the formulation; significant liver disease; acute narrow-angle glaucoma.

BOXED WARNING: Risk from concomitant use with opioids; abuse, misuse, and addiction; dependence and withdrawal reactions

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: ALPRAZolam, cloBAZam, clonNIDine, cloZAPine, LORazepam

insulin aspart

BRAND NAME: NovoLog

DRUG CLASS: Rapid-acting insulin

DRUG USE: Diabetes, types 1 and 2

DOSAGE FORM(S): Injection solution; pen-injector

PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Probably compatible

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Individualized dosage given SC/IV b.i.d.-q.i.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hypoglycemia; headache; antibody development; nasopharyngitis; viral respiratory tract infection

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to insulin aspart or any component of the formulation; during episodes of hypoglycemia.

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: HumaLOG, NovoLIN

insulin lispro

BRAND NAME: HumaLOG

DRUG CLASS: Rapid-acting insulin

DRUG USE: Diabetes, types 1 and 2

DOSAGE FORM(S): Injection solution; pen-injector

PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Individualized dosage given SC/IV b.i.d.-q.i.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hypoglycemia; injection site reaction; nasopharyngitis; headache

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to insulin lispro or any component of the formulation; during episodes of hypoglycemia.

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: HumuLIN, NovoLOG

albuterol + ipratropium

BRAND NAME: Combivent Respimat; DuoNeb

DRUG CLASS: Beta2 agonist + bronchodilator combination

DRUG USE: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

DOSAGE FORM(S): Metered dose inhaler; nebulizer ampules

PREGNANCY WARNING: Albuterol: CompatibleIpratropium: Human data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Solution: one 3 mL vial administered q.i.d. via nebulizaterInhalation aerosol: one inhalation orally q.i.d.COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Cough, pharyngitis; chest discomfortCONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to ipratropium, albuterol, atropine (and its derivatives) or any component of the formulation.

fluticasone + salmeterol

BRAND NAME: Advair Diskus; Advair HFA

DRUG CLASS: Beta2-adrenergic agonist + corticosteroid combination

DRUG USE: Asthma, maintenance/controller; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

DOSAGE FORM(S): Diskus; metered dose inhaler

PREGNANCY WARNING: Fluticasone: CompatibleSalmeterol: Limited human data—Probably compatible

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 1 dose q12hC

OMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Headache; upper respiratory tract infection; pneumonia; pharyngitis

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to fluticasone, salmeterol, or any component of the formulation; status asthmaticus; acute episodes of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; severe hypersensitivity to milk proteins (Advair Diskus, AirDuo Digihaler, AirDuo RespiClick, Wixela Inhub).BOXED WARNING: N/AMAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Advicor

terazosin

BRAND NAME: Hytrin

DRUG CLASS: Alpha1 blocker

DRUG USE: Benign prostatic hypertrophy; hypertension

DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule

PREGNANCY WARNING: No human data—Animal data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 1-10 mg PO q.h.s.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Dizziness; asthenia; fatigue

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to terazosin or any component of the formulation.

doxazosin

BRAND NAME: Cardura; Cardura XL

DRUG CLASS: Alpha1 blocker

DRUG USE: Benign prostatic hypertrophy; hypertension

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER tablet

PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest moderate risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 1-16 mg PO q.d.COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Dizziness; fatigue; malaise; vertigo; asthenia; drowsiness; headache; respiratory tract infection

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to doxazosin, other quinazolines (eg, prazosin, terazosin), or any component of the formulation.

tamsulosin

BRAND NAME: Flomax

DRUG CLASS: Alpha1 blocker

DRUG USE: Benign prostatic hyperplasia

DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule

PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 0.4 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Orthostatic hypotension; ejaculation failure; dizziness; headache; rhinitis; diarrhea; asthenia; drowsiness

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to tamsulosin or any component of the formulation

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: tacrolimus

adalimumab

BRAND NAME: Humira

DRUG CLASS: Tumor necrosis factor inhibitor

DRUG USE: Ankylosing spondylitis; Crohn disease; plaque psoriasis; psoriatic arthritis; rheumatoid arthritis

DOSAGE FORM(S): Prefilled syringe; pen-injector; auto-injector

PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 40 mg SC every two weeks. The dose and frequency is dependent on age, severity, and condition treated

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Headache; rash; nausea; injection site reaction; hyperlipidemia; hematuria; arthralgia

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to adalimumab or any component of the formulation.

BOXED WARNING: Increase risk of serious injections that may lead to hospitalization or death.

benazepril

BRAND NAME: Lotensin

DRUG CLASS: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor

DRUG USE: Hypertension

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 2nd and 3rd trimesters

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 20-40 mg PO q.d.COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Headache; dizziness; fatigue; cough; hypotension; hyperkalemia; photosensitivity

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to benazepril, other ACE inhibitors, or any component of the formulation; history of angioedema (with or without prior ACE inhibitor therapy); concomitant use with aliskiren in patients with diabetes mellitus; coadministration with or within 36 hours of switching to or from a neprilysin inhibitor (eg, sacubitril).

BOXED WARNING: Fetal toxicity

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Benadryl

enalapril

BRAND NAME: Vasotec

DRUG CLASS: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor

DRUG USE: Heart failure; hypertension

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 2nd and 3rd trimesters

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 5-40 mg divided q.d.-b.i.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Headache; dizziness; cough; hypotension; photosensitivityCONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to enalapril or any component of the formulation; history of angioedema related to previous treatment with an ACE inhibitor; hereditary or idiopathic angioedema; coadministration with aliskiren in patients with diabetes; coadministration with or within 36 hours of switching to or from a neprilysin inhibitor (eg, sacubitril).

BOXED WARNING: Fetal toxicity

ramipril

BRAND NAME: Altace

DRUG CLASS: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor

DRUG USE: Heart failure; hypertension; cardiovascular event protection

DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 2nd and 3rd trimesters

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 2.5-20 mg/day divided q.d.-b.i.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hypotension; cough CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to ramipril, other ACE inhibitors, or any component of the formulation; hereditary/idiopathic angioedema or history of angioedema related to previous treatment with an ACE inhibitor; concomitant use with aliskiren in patients with diabetes mellitus; use in combination with or within 36 hours of switching to or from a neprilysin inhibitor (eg, sacubitril). BOXED WARNING: Increased mortality in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis

lisinopril

BRAND NAME: Prinivil; Zestril

DRUG CLASS: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor

DRUG USE: Hypertension; heart failure; ST-elevation myocardial infarction

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; oral solution

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 5-40 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Dizziness; hypotension

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to lisinopril, other ACE inhibitors, or any component of the formulation; angioedema related to previous treatment with an ACE inhibitor; hereditary or idiopathic angioedema; concomitant use with aliskiren in patients with diabetes mellitus; coadministration with or within 36 hours of switching to or from a neprilysin inhibitor (eg, sacubitril).

BOXED WARNING: Fetal toxicity

raloxifene

BRAND NAME: Evista

DRUG CLASS: Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)

DRUG USE: Osteoporosis; risk reduction for invasive breast cancer

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet

PREGNANCY WARNING: Contraindicated

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 60 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Edema; hot flash; infection; arthralgia; leg cramps; muscle spasm; flu-like symptoms

CONTRAINDICATION: History of or current venous thromboembolic disorders (including deep vein thrombosis [DVT], pulmonary embolism [PE], and retinal vein thrombosis); pregnancy.

BOXED WARNING: Increased risk of VTE and death from stroke

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: AVINza

pramipexole

BRAND NAME: Mirapex

DRUG CLASS: Dopamine agonist

DRUG USE: Parkinson disease; restless legs syndrome

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER tablet

PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: IR: 0.5-1.5 mg PO t.i.d.ER: 0.375-4.5 mg PO q.d.COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Constipation; nausea; restless leg syndrome; dizziness; drowsiness; headache; insomniaCONTRAINDICATION: Significant drug interactions exist, requiring dose/frequency adjustment or avoidance. Consult drug interactions database for more information.

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Miralax

ropinirole

BRAND NAME: Requip; Requip XL

DRUG CLASS: Dopamine agonist

DRUG USE: Parkinson disease; restless leg syndrome

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER tablet

PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Immediate release: 0.25-8 mg PO t.i.d.ER: 2-24 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hypertension; hypotension; syncope; nausea; vomiting; dizziness; drowsiness; malaise; asthenia

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, urticaria, angioedema, rash, pruritus) to ropinirole or any component of the formulation.

CONFUSED WITH: RisperDAL, risderiDONE

escitalopram

BRAND NAME: Lexapro

DRUG CLASS: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)

DRUG USE: Generalized anxiety disorder; major depressive disorder

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; oral solution

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 3rd trimester

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 10 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Diarrhea; nausea; ejaculatory disorder; drowsiness; headache; insomnia

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to escitalopram, citalopram, or any component of the formulation; use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) intended to treat psychiatric disorders (concurrently or within 14 days of discontinuing either escitalopram or the MAOI); initiation of escitalopram in a patient receiving IV methylene blue; concurrent use of pimozide.

BOXED WARNING: Suicidal thoughts and behaviors

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: citalopram, Loxitane

citalopram

BRAND NAME: Celexa

DRUG CLASS: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)

DRUG USE: Major depressive disorder

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; capsule; oral solution

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 3rd trimester

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 20-40 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Diaphoresis, nausea; xerostomia; drowsiness

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (including angioedema, anaphylaxis) to citalopram or any component of the formulation; use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) intended to treat psychiatric disorders (concurrently or within 14 days of discontinuing either citalopram or the MAOI); initiation of citalopram in a patient receiving IV methylene blue; concomitant use with pimozide.

BOXED WARNING: Suicidal thoughts and behaviors

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: escitalopram, CeleXA, Celebrex, Cerebyx, ZyPREXA

paroxetine

BRAND NAME: Paxil

DRUG CLASS: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)

DRUG USE: Generalized anxiety disorder; major depressive disorder; obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD); panic disorder; posttraumatic stress disorder; premenstrual dysphoric disorder; social anxiety disorder; vasomotor symptoms of menopause

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; capsule; ER tablet; oral suspension

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 20-50 mg PO q.a.m.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Diarphoresis; decreased libido; constipation; decreased appetite; diarrhea; mausea; xerostomia; ejaculatory disorder; asthenia; dizziness; drowsiness; headache; insomnia; tremor

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis, angioedema, Stevens-Johnson syndrome) to paroxetine or any component of the formulation; concurrent use with or within 14 days of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) (including IV methylene blue); concomitant use with pimozide or thioridazine; pregnancy (Brisdelle only).

BOXED WARNING: Suicidal thoughts and behaviors

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: DULoxetine, FLUoxetine, piroxicam, Doxil, Plavix, Taxol, Trexall

fluvoxamine

BRAND NAME: Luvox

DRUG CLASS: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)

DRUG USE: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 3rd trimester

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 100-300 mg q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Anorexia; diarrhea; nausea; xerostomia; asthenia; dizziness; drowisness; headache; insomnia; nervousness

CONTRAINDICATION: Concurrent use with alosetron, pimozide, thioridazine, or tizanidine; use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) intended to treat psychiatric disorders (concurrently or within 14 days of discontinuing either fluvoxamine or the MAOI); initiation of fluvoxamine in a patient receiving IV methylene blue.B

OXED WARNING: Suicidality and antidepressant drugs

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: flavoxATE, fluPHENAZine, Lasix

sertraline

BRAND NAME: Zoloft

DRUG CLASS: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)

DRUG USE: Major depressive disorder; obsessive-compulsion disorder (OCD); panic disorder; premenstrual dysphoric disorder; post-traumatic stress disorder; social anxiety disorder

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; capsule; oral concentrate

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 3rd trimester

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 50-200 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Nausea; diarrhea; drowiness; fatigue; insomnia

CONTRAINDICATION: Use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) including methylene blue (concurrently or within 14 days of stopping an MAOI or sertraline); concurrent use with pimozide; hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis, angioedema) to sertraline or any component of the formulation; concurrent use with disulfiram (oral solution only).

BOXED WARNING: Suicidality and antidepressant drugs

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: cetirizine, Soriatane

fluoxetine

BRAND NAME: Prozac; Sarafem

DRUG CLASS: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)

DRUG USE: Bipolar disorder; bulimia nervosa; major depressive disorder; obsessive-compulsive disorder; panic disorder; premenstrual dysphoric disorder

DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; DR capsule; tablet; oral solution

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 3rd trimester

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 20-80 mg PO q.a.m.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Decreased libido; anorexia; diarrhea; nausea, xerostomia; sexual disorder; anxiety; asthenia; drowsiness; headache; insomnia; nervousness; tremor; yawning; pharyngitis; diaphoresis; pruritus; skin rash; constipation; dyspepsia; flatuence; vomiting, ejaculatory disorder; erectile dysfunction; abnormal dreams; dizziness; flu like symptoms

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to fluoxetine or any component of the formulation; use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) intended to treat psychiatric disorders (concurrently, within 5 weeks of discontinuing fluoxetine, or within 2 weeks of discontinuing the MAOI); initiation of fluoxetine in a patient receiving IV methylene blue; use with pimozide or thioridazine (Note: Thioridazine should not be initiated until 5 weeks after the discontinuation of fluoxetine).

BOXED WARNING: Suicidality and antidepressant drugs

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: DULoxetine, PARoxetine, PriLOSEC, Prograf, Provera

ferrous sulfate

BRAND NAME: Feosol; Slow FeD

RUG CLASS: Iron preparations

DRUG USE: Iron deficiency or iron-deficiency anemia

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; DR tablet; ER tablet; oral solution

PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 150-325 mg q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Darkening of stools; abdominal pain; heartburn; nausea; constipation; flatulence; vomitin; diarrhea

CONTRAINDICATION: Hemochromatosis; hemolytic anemia

lisdexamfetamine

BRAND NAME: Vyvanse

DRUG CLASS: Central nervous system stimulant

DRUG USE: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); binge eating disorder

DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; chewable tablet

DEA SCHEDULE: II

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human and animal data suggest risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 30-70 mg PO q.a.m.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Decreased appetite; upper abdominal pain; xerostamia; insomnia

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to amphetamine products or any component of the formulation; concurrent use of monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), including linezolid or IV methylene blue, or within 14 days of the last MAOI dose.

BOXED WARNING: Abuse, misuse, and addiction

dexmethylphenidate

BRAND NAME: Focalin; Focalin XR

DRUG CLASS: Central nervous system stimulant

DRUG USE: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER capsule

DEA SCHEDULE: II

PREGNANCY WARNING: No human data—Animal data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: IR 2.5-10 mg PO b.i.d.ER: 20-40 mg PO q.a.m.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Abdominal pain; dyspepsia; xerostomia; anxiety; headache; insomnia; jitteriness

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, angioedema, anaphylaxis) to methylphenidate or any component of the formulation; concurrent use with or within 14 days following discontinuation with monoamine oxidase inhibitors therapy.

BOXED WARNING: Abuse, misuse, and addiction

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: dexmethylphenidate mixed salts, Folrx

amphetamine + dextroamphetamine

BRAND NAME: Adderall; Adderall XR

DRUG CLASS: Central nervous system stimulant

DRUG USE: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); narcolepsy

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER capsule

DEA SCHEDULE: II

PREGNANCY WARNING: Amphetamine and dextroamphetamine: Human and animal data suggest risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 5-40 mg PO divided q.d.-t.i.d. ER: 20 mg PO q.a.m.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Anorexia; insomnia; headache; emotional lability; anxiety; agitation; nervousness; diarrhea; tachycardia; visual disturbance; photosensitivity

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, angioedema, anaphylaxis) to amphetamine or any component of the formulation; during or within 14 days following monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) (including MAOIs such as linezolid or IV methylene blue).

BOXED WARNING: Abuse, misuse, and addiction

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Inderall

phentermine

BRAND NAME: Adipex-P

DRUG CLASS: Central nervous system stimulant

DRUG USE: Weight management

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; capsule

DEA SCHEDULE: IV

PREGNANCY WARNING: Contradicated

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 15-37.5 mg PO q.a.m.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Palpitations; increased blood pressure; urticaria

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity or idiosyncrasy to phentermine, other sympathomimetic amines, or any component of the formulation; history of cardiovascular disease (eg, arrhythmias, coronary artery disease, heart failure, stroke, uncontrolled hypertension); hyperthyroidism; glaucoma; agitated states; history of drug abuse; coadministration with or within 14 days following the administration of monoamine oxidase inhibitors; pregnancy; breastfeeding

methylphenidate

BRAND NAME: Concerta; Ritalin

DRUG CLASS: Central nervous system stimulant

DRUG USE: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); narcolepsy

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER tablet; ER capsule; transdermal patch; oral solution; oral suspension; chewable tablet; ER chewable tablet; ER ODT

DEA SCHEDULE: II

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk 3rd trimester

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Concerta: 18-54 mg5, 10, 20, 40 mg

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Decreased appetite; nausea; xerostomia; headache; insomnia; irritability

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, angioedema, anaphylaxis) to methylphenidate or any component of the formulation; use during or within 14 days following monoamine oxidase inhibitor therapy.

BOXED WARNING: Abuse, misuse, and addiction

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: methadone

cyclobenzaprine

BRAND NAME: Flexeril

DRUG CLASS: Skeletal muscle relaxant

DRUG USE: Muscle spasm

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER capsule

PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 5-10 mg PO t.i.d.15 mg ER q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Xerostomia; dizziness; drowsiness; abdominal pain; constipation; diarrhea; dyspepsia; nausea; unpleasant taste; fatigue; headache; irritability

CONTRAINDICATION: Concomitant use of monoamine oxidase inhibitor or within 14 days of use; acute recovery phase of myocardial infarction and patients with arrhythmias, heart block, conduction disturbances, congestive heart failure or hyperthyroidism.

methocarbamol

BRAND NAME: Robaxin

DRUG CLASS: Skeletal muscle relaxant

DRUG USE: Muscle spasm

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; injection solution

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 1000 mg PO q.i.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Flushing; pruritus; dyspepsia; nausea; vomiting; insomnia

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to methocarbamol or any component of the formulation.

baclofen

BRAND NAME: Lioresal

DRUG CLASS: Skeletal muscle relaxant

DRUG USE: Spasticity

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; solution; oral granule; oral suspension

PREGNANCY WARNING: May be used with caution in 3rd trimester

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Dose by patient; however, do not exceed 80 mg q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Drowsiness; dizziness; weakness; nausea; confusion; hypotension; insomnia; edema; pruritis; constipation

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to baclofen or any component of the formulation.

dicyclomine

BRAND NAME: Bentyl

DRUG CLASS: Anticholinergic agent

DRUG USE: Irritable bowel syndrome

DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; tablet; oral solution; IM solution

PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 40 mg q.i.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Nausea, xerostomia, dizziness, blurred vision, drowsiness, nervousness, asthenia

CONTRAINDICATION: Obstructive uropathy; obstructive disease of the GI tract; severe ulcerative colitis; reflux esophagitis; unstable cardiovascular status in acute hemorrhage; glaucoma; myasthenia gravis; infants younger than 6 months of age; breast-feeding women.

benztropine

BRAND NAME: Cogentin

DRUG CLASS: Anticholinergic

DRUG USE: Drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms; Parkinsonism

DOSAGE FORM(S): Injection solution; tablet

PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Probably compatible

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 1-2 mg q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Cardiovascular tachycardia; digestive paralytic ileus; constipation; vomiting; nausea; dry mouth

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to benztropine mesylate or any component of the formulation.Children

tiotropium

BRAND NAME: Spiriva

DRUG CLASS: Anticholinergic agent

DRUG USE: Asthma; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

DOSAGE FORM(S): Handihaler; respimat

PREGNANCY WARNING: No human data—Animal data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 2 puffs q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Pharyngitis; xerostomia; sinusitis; upper respiratory tract infection

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to ipratropium, tiotropium, or any component of the formulation.

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Apidra, Inspra

sitagliptin

BRAND NAME: Januvia

DRUG CLASS: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor

DRUG USE: Diabetes mellitus, type 2

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet

PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 100 mg PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hypoglycemia; nasophyaryngitis; diarrhea; nausea

CONTRAINDICATION: Serious hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis, angioedema) to sitagliptin or any component of the formulation.

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Enjuvia, Jantoven, Janumet, sAXagliptin, SUMAtriptan