Learning and cognition psych

classical conditioning

Also called Pavlovian conditioning, it is a form of associative learning in which organisms learn to associate two stimuli that repeatedly occur together.

Operant conditioning

learning process that changes behavior through punishment and reinforcement

positive reinforcement

A pleasant stimulus is added after the behavior, making that behavior more likely to happen again

negative reinforcement

An unpleasant behavior is removed after a behavior, making that behavior more likely to happen again

positive punishment

An unpleasant stimulus is added after a behavior, making that behavior less likely to happen again 坏的加上

negative punishment

A pleasant stimulus is removed after a behavior, making that behavior less likely to happen again 好的拿走

Cognitive load theory

This theory

explains the limited capacity of working memory influence cognitive processes such as learning, problem solving, and decision making

Three loads of cognitive load theory

1. intrinsic

2. extraneous

3. Germane

what is intrinsic load

The difficulty that comes from the complexity of task itself

Extraneous load

The unnecessary mental effort caused by how he information is presented or by distractions

Germane load

The productive mental effort that is used to process new information and connect it to existing knowledge

Working memory model

proposes that short-term memory is an active system with limited capacity, consisting of several components that temporarily store and manipulate different types of information

Multi - store model of memory

A model suggests memory consists of three components: sensory memory, STM, and LTM. Information moves in a fixed order through these three separate memory storage systems, each with a specific capacity and duration