Meds for Mental Illnesses

what is MDD

overwhelming sadness, feelings of worthlessness, and loss of interest in normally pleasurable activities

who’s most likely to have MDD

women, people of 2+ races, ages 18-25

why had MDD increased over the years

greater awareness, less stigma, societal changes, over diagnosis, increased pharmaceutical treatment, long term effect of antidepressants

biological factors of MDD

genetic, neurochemistry, neuroanatomy, autoreceptors, overreactive stress response, chronic inflammation, obesity, gut bacteria

psychological causes of MDD

cognitive beliefs, interpersonal beliefs, stressful life events

social causes of MDD

poverty, adverse work conditions, trauma, drug use, lack of social support

symptoms of MDD and how is it diagnosed

sadness, despair, lack of motivation, fatigue, loss of interest in activities, change in appetite, at least 5 or more symptoms that last for at least 2 weeks and impair functioning

how do SSRIs affect NTs and examples

blocks reuptake of serotonin, prozac, lexapro, zoloft

how to tricyclics affect NTs and examples

blocks reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine, examples: imipramine, clomipramine

MAOIs affect NTs

inhibits enzyme that breaks down serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, melatonin, histamine

atypical antidepressants affect NTs and examples

block reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine examples: cymbalta, effexor

alternative treatment for MDD

ketamine, psychotherapies, electroconvulsive therapy, transcranial direct current stimulation

what is bipolar disorder

alternating period of mania, hypomania, and depressive episodes

most likely to have bipolar

women and men are equal

treatments for bipolar

lithium, anticonvulsants and antipsychotics, psychotherapy and electroconvulsive therapy

schizophrenia

disturbances in though perception, language emotional responsiveness and behavior

positive symptoms

behaviors that are gained, delusions, hallucination, disorganized thinking, abnormal motor behavior

negative symptoms

behaviors that are lessened, flat affect, poverty of speech, low motivation, lack of pleasure, social withdrawal, reduced energy, neglect of basic personal hygiene

causes of schizophrenia

genetic, neuroanatomy, neural chemistry, environmental factors

brain region affected by schizophrenia

reduced volume in frontal lobe, hippocampus, limbic system, amygdala , basal ganglia, temporal lobe

mechanism of action and example of 1st gen

block dopamine D1 receptors in the brain, thorazine, hadol

mechanism of action and example of 2nd gen

block both dopamine and serotonin receptors, seroquel, risperdal

mechanism of action and example of 3rd gen

partial agonist at dopamine receptors, abilify

adverse effects of antipsychotics

dried mouth, blurred vision, dizziness, weight gain

causes of anxiety disorders

genetics, neuroanatomy, neurochemistry, weaker connections to prefrontal cortex and amygdala

types of anxiety disorders

GAD, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, phobias

treatment for anxiety disorders

CBT, exposure therapy, pharmaceutics, relaxation techniques

PTSD

persistent mental and emotional distress triggered by experiencing or seeing a severe physical or psychological trauma

treatment for PTSD

pxil and zoloft, nonmedical exposure therapy, MDMA