Lesson 14 and 15 Term ID's

Babe Ruth

A professional baseball player in the early 1920’s, became a household name. Was used in advertising like many other celebrities. He played for the Boston Red Sox and New York Yankees, setting numerous records including home runs.

Hoovervilles

Name of the shanty houses that homeless people lived in during the Great Depression.

Al Capone

Famous American gangster of the 1920’s that was responsible for the St. Valentine’s Day Massacre in 1929.

Franklin D. Roosevelt

32nd President that served through the Great Depression and WWII. He was elected to four terms.

Hawley-Smoot Tariff

The high protective tariff on over 20,000 retail goods that hurt the U.S. and global trade during the Great Depression.

Works Progress Administration

Relief programs that provided direct payements to people for immediete help in exchange for labor on public works projects.

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

Established against unsound banking, investment practices, and regulation on Wall Street. It insures deposits to promote bank stability and consumer confidence.

Francis Perkins

First woman to serve on a presidential cabinet (under FDR) as Secretary of Labor

Lend-Lease Acts

The U.S. program to help aid the Allies early in WWIIby providing military equipment and supplies in exchange for bases and other benefits.

Nisei Regiments

Asian Americans that earned a high number of military decorations.

Geneva Convention

Attemped to ensure the humane treatment of prisoners of war by establishing rules to be followed by all nations. It outlined standards for humanitarian treatment in war and established protections for the sick and wounded.

2nd Battle of El Alamein

The North African battle (fought Oct. - Nov. of 1942) was a major British victory that prevented German forces from seizing Egypt and the Suez Canal. It was a key turning point in WWII.

Battle of Okinawa

A major WWII conflict in the Pacific Theater, fought betwee U.S. and Allied forces against the Japanese Army on the island of Okinawa from April to June 1945. It was the last major battle of the war and one of the bloodiest in the Pacific.

Siege of Stalingrad

Major Soviet city that was under siege by the Germans from August 1942 to Feburary 1943. This Soviet victory was a turning point in WWII.

Office of Strategic Services

Run by William “Wild Bill” Donovan and was America’s anti-espionage department. This organization would become the postwar CIA. It was responsible for coordinating espionage activities and conducting covert operations during World War II.

Joseph Stalin

Soviet Dictator of the USSR during World War II and at the start of the Cold War.

George S. Patton

A prominent US Army general who achieved fame in WWII. He is known for his leadership of the Seventh Army in the Mediterranean theater, and the Third Army in France and Germany after the Normandy invasion. His aggressive and unorthodox tactics, particularly his use of armored divisions, led to signififcant victories in North Africa, Sicily, and Europe.

Bernard Montgomery

A key British army general who is known for his decisive victory at the Battle of El Alamein in 1942, which stopped the German advance in Africa. This proved to be a turning point in the war.

George C. Marshall

U.S. Army Chief of Staff during WWII, Secretary of State after WWII, and responsible for the “Plan” to rebuild Europe after the war. WMI class of 1901.

A. Phillip Randolph

A prominent American labor leader, civil rights activist, and socialist knwon for his contributions to the civil rights movement and labor rights. He is best known for organizing the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters and leading the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom.

Langston Hughes

A leading poet of the Harlem Ranaissance who described the rich culture of African American life using southern black oral tradition. He wrote The Weary Blues.

Flappers

Young women in the 1920s who defied traditional norms of behavior and fashion, embracing a lifestyle of independence and a new sense of femininity.

John T. Scopes

Substitue science teacher that was arrested for teaching the theory of evolution

Herbert Hoover

The 31st President of the US, he was president during the start of the Great Depression, although he had previously gained fame for his relief efforts in Europe after World War I.

New Deal

The economic plan that permentanley altered the role of the American government in the economy and fostered change in people’s attitudes toward government’s responsibilities.

Mary McLeod Bethune

The first African American woman to serve as a presidential advisor to FDR.

Rosie the Riveter

The poster woman for all the American working woman during WWII

Bataan Death March

U.S. POWs suffered brutal treatement in the Philippines (April of 1942) by the Japanese in this.

Attack on Pearl Harbor

The Japanese attack on December 7,1941 to pull the U.S. into war.

Battle of Iwo Jima

A bloody and prolonged operation on a Japanese island in which American marines landed and defeated Japanese defenders. The island was needed for closer bases from which to blast and burn enemy cities and industries. The Americans captured this island after fighting from April to June of 1945.

Nuremerg Trials

German city where Nazis were tried for war crimes at the end of WWII.

Auschwitz Death Camp

Nazi extermination camp in Poland, the largest center of mass murder during the Holocaust. Close to a million Jews, Gypsies, Communists, and others were killed there.

Adolf Hitler

Dictator of Nazi Germany that started WWII with the invasion of Poland in 1939. He implemented fascist policies, leading to the Holocaust and significant devastation across Europe.

Erwin Rommel

A highly decorated German Field Marshall during WWII, known for his aggressive leadership and innovative armored tactics, particularly during the North African campaign.

Battle of Britain

German air attack on England from July - October of 1940. This battle marked a significant turning point during World War II, as the Royal Air Force defended the United Kingdom against large-scale attacks by the German Luftwaffe.

Benito Mussolini

Dictaror of Fascist Italy that allied with Hitler before the start of WWII.

Harry S. Truman

The 33rd President of the United States, who took office after FDR’s death. He led the nation through the end of WWII, the beginning of the Cold war, and the Korean War. He desegregated the military, the creation of the Truman Doctrine, and the implementation of the Marshall Plan. He also dropped the atomic bomb.

Anne Frank

German-Dutch Jewish girl that was a victim of the Holocaust and kept the most widely read diary of her accounts of hiding in a secret annex in Amsterdam.

Maggie Walker

First African American woman to serve as a bank president in Richmond, Virginia

18th Amendment

The Constitutional Amendment that banned alchohol in the United States

Black Tuesday

The day that the stock market crashed in 1929

Civilian Conservation Corps

A New Deal program that employed unemployed, unmarried men in conservation work, primarly in national forests and parks. It aimed to provide jobs and improve the environment through reforestation, park development, and soil erosion prevention.

Social Security Act

The New Deal program to help the elderly, widows, and the unemployed.

Agriculture Adjustment Administration

A recovery program designed to aid farmers and help bring the nation out of the Depression over time. The AAA was later found unconsitutional.

Tennessee Valley Authority

A New Deal program that aimed to improve economic conditions in the Tennessee River Valley region. The primary goal was controlling floods, improving navigation on the Tennessee River, generating electricity, and promoting agriculutural and industrial developement.

John Maynard Keynes

A British economist who was the founder of Jenesian economics, a school of thought advocating for government intervantion in the conomy to stimulate demand during the recessions. His ideas became influential in the wake of the Great Depression, arguing that government spending could help curb economic downturns.

Tuskegee Airmen

The first African American pilots that served with distinction in WWII.

Normandy Invasion (D-Day)

The Allied invasion of German-occupied France during World War II on June 6, 1944, marked a significant turning point in the war. It involved extensive planning and coordination among Allied forces and resulted in the liberation of Western Europe from Nazi control.

Battle of Midway

Turning point battle in the Pacific (June 4-7, 1942) where the U.S. sunk 4 Japanese aircraft carriers and successfully broke the Japanese secret code.

Final Solution (Holocaust)

Hitlers “Final Solution” to exterminate all Jews and undesirables during WWII was known as.

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

The two cities that the atomic bombs were dropped on to end WWII

Navajo Code Talkers

Native American Tribe that used an unbreakable code for the U.S. Marines in the Pacific during WWII.

Japanese Internment Camps

The forced confinement of people of Japanese ancestry, including U.S. citizens, in isolated, fenced camps during World War II. This was a result of wartime fear and anti-Japanese prejudice following the attack on Pearl Harbor.

Hediki Tojo

A Japanese army general, political leader, and 40th Prime Minister of Japan during most of World War II. He is primarily known for his role in orchestrating the attack on Pearl Harbor. Following WWII, he was convicted of war crimes and executed.

Manhattan Project

The name of the U.S. “project” to build the atomic and nuclear bombs during WWII. It involved collaboration among scientists, engineers, and military personnel, leading to the development of the first atomic bomb, tested in 1945.

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Supreme Allied Commander that was in charge of the D-Day invasoin during WWII and later served as the 34th President of the US.

Winston Churchill

Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1940 through the remainder of WWII.

Israel

A Middle Eastern country established in 1948, following the end of British mandate in Palestine. It was created as a homeland for the Jewish people after World War II.