Biological Molecules

amino acid

a monomer of a protein

carbohydrate

a biological macromolecule in which the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1; serve as energy sources and structural support in cells

cellulose

a polysaccharide that makes up the cell walls of plants and provides structural support to the cell

DNA

a double-stranded polymer of nucleotides that carries the hereditary information of the cell

disaccharide

two sugar monomers that are linked together by a peptide bond

enzyme

a catalyst in a biochemical reaction that is usually a complex or conjugated protein

fat

a lipid molecule composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol (triglyceride) that typically exists in a solid form at room

glycogen

a storage carbohydrate in animals

hydrophillic

describes a substance that dissolves in water; water-loving

lipids

class of macromolecules that are nonpolar and insoluble in water

macromolecule

a large molecule, often formed by polymerization of smaller monomers

monosaccharide

a single unit or monomer of carbohydrates

nucleic acid

a biological macromolecule that carries the genetic information of a cell and carries instructions for the functioning of the cell

nucleotide

a monomer of nucleic acids; contains a pentose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

oil

an unsaturated fat that is a liquid at room temperature

phospholipid

a major constituent of the membranes of cells; composed of two fatty acids and a phosphate group attached to the glycerol backbone

protein

a biological macromolecule composed of one or more chains of amino acids

saturated fatty acid

a long-chain hydrocarbon with single covalent bonds in the carbon chain; the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton is maximized

starch

a storage carbohydrate in plants

steroid

a type of lipid composed of four fused hydrocarbon rings

triglyceride

a fat molecule; consists of three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule

unsaturated fatty acid

a long-chain hydrocarbon that has one or more than one double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain

carbohydrates

provide energy, store energy build macro molecules, and spare protein and for fat for others uses

protein

helps repair and build your body’s tissue; enables movement; transports in and out of cell

lipids

help with moving and storing energy, absorbing vitamins and making hormones

nucleic acid

Carry genetic information to make RNA and proteins, and supplies energy

carbohydrate

organic compound used to share energy and forming structures of living things

proteins

Helps cells keep their shape, some make up muscle tissue, some act as signals to other protein, some are anti bodies

lipids

store, energy, forming cell membrane,are necessary in a diet, barriers to water, chemical signals

nucleic acid

Form DNA, hereditary info and the genetic code, energy carriers

nucleic acid

DNA and RNA

lipids

Oil, triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids, and waxes

carbohydrate

Starch, glycogen, cellulose, Chitin, pasta, and breads

proteins

Enzymes, antibodies, hemoglobin