Conquest and Consequences
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Flashcards about the Conquest and Consequences in Canadian history, focusing on the conflict between France and England, key figures, and the impact on First Nations and Acadians.
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34 Terms
What is war?
Using organized force on a large scale to attain a goal.
What is a superpower?
A country that is more powerful than almost all other countries and dominates world affairs.
What did France and England want that led to conflict?
Territories, resources, and power in Europe and on the high seas.
What is a fact?
Information that is accepted as correct and true.
What is an opinion?
A personal viewpoint or judgment.
What is bias?
Favoring one perspective over another, potentially leaving out important information.
Where did the Seven Years’ War take place?
France and England fought in Europe, India, the Caribbean, and Africa.
What was the French perspective in North America around 1750?
The French were well-established in North America, claiming a huge area including Île Saint-Jean, Cape Breton, and Louisiana.
What was the English perspective in North America around 1750?
The English colonists outnumbered the French and wanted to move into the interior for farmland and trade.
What were the British strengths?
The most powerful navy in Europe and prosperous colonies in New England.
What were the British weaknesses?
An army not used to forest warfare and challenges in capturing well-defended French fortresses.
What were the French strengths?
The most powerful army in Europe and strong fortresses at Louisbourg and Québec.
What were the French weaknesses?
Dependence on France for supplies and a vast territory that was hard to defend.
What was the significance of Québec?
The largest town in New France and the center of French power in North America.
Where did the war for North America begin?
The war for North America began in the Ohio River Valley in 1754.
Who were the Acadians?
Descendants of French colonists who had first farmed the shores of the Bay of Fundy.
Why did Britain want to control Acadia?
Britain wanted to populate Nova Scotia with English-speaking people and worried the Acadians might side with the French.
What was 'le Grand Dérangement'?
The Great Upheaval, when the Acadians were expelled from their land for refusing to swear loyalty to the British Crown.
Who are the Cajuns?
Acadian descendants who formed a distinct community after the expulsion.
Why did the British want Louisbourg
The British captured Louisbourg to guard the St. Lawrence River, which led to the Québec colony.
Who was in charge of the British Fleet?
Major-General James Wolfe led a fleet up the St. Lawrence River in 1759.
Who was the Marquis de Montcalm?
The French commander at Québec.
Where was the famous battle in which Wolfe and Montcalm died?
The Plains of Abraham
When did New France fall to the British?
The French surrendered at Montréal in 1760, which meant New France passed into British hands.
Which side did the First Nations support?
Most First Nations supported the French due to a long history of trading.
Why were the First Nations concerned about the Treaty of Paris (1763)?
First Nations were disappointed that the English took control of all the lands without inviting them to participate in the peace process.
Who was Pontiac?
Leader of the Odawa who convinced several First Nations to unite and drive the British out of the Ohio River Valley
Who was Pontiac?
The person who inspired a war against the English
What event marked the end of fighting over New France?
The surrender of Montréal in 1760 ended the fighting over New France.
What are the three options the British had for governing the new colony?
Eviction, assimilation, or accommodation.
What did the Royal Proclamation of 1763 entail?
King George III signed it in 1763 which included a system of British laws and courts, preventing settlement west of the Appalachians and setting aside land for indigenous people.
What did the Royal Proclamation attempt to do?
An attempt to turn Québec into a colony with a British identity.
Which act expanded Québec, recognized French language rights, and granted Catholics freedom of religion?
The Québec Act of 1774
What is bilingualism?
It is when Canada recognizes English and French as the official languages of the country.