Basics concepts exam 1

what is a profession

a specialized occupation requiring education, competence, ethical standards, and accountability

Who was Florence Nightingale?

Founder of modern nursing who improved healthcare during the Crimean War through sanitation, observation, and data collection.

What connection did Florence Nightingale discover?

She connected unclean conditions with infection, illness, and death

How did Florence Nightingale influence modern nursing?

Her work helped establish infection control, evidence-based practice, and quality improvement

What are the three pathways to registered nursing education in the United States?

adn, diploma, bsn

what nursing exam do all nursing students have to take to become official RN

NCLEX-RN

What is health literacy?

A client’s ability to find, understand, evaluate, and use health information and services to make informed healthcare decisions

Why is health literacy important, and what should the nurse do?

Low health literacy can cause misunderstanding, medication errors, poor adherence, and poor health outcomes

What is holistic nursing care?

Care that considers the client’s entire well-being

How should nurses care for clients with diverse identities and beliefs?

respect, integrity, honesty, compassion, and unbiased car

What is the nurse’s role as a case manager?

A case manager coordinates the client’s care across the healthcare system

what does scope of practice mean

what a nurse is legally permitted to do

what does Standards of practice mean

how competently and professionally the nurse must do it

What should a nurse do when unsure whether an action is within their scope?

stop and protect the client and check the NPA

What does ANA stand for

American nurses association

what is ANA

Creates professional standards and ethical guidance

what does State Nurse Practice Act do

Defines the legal scope of nursing practice in that state

what does State Board of Nursing does

Enforces the Nurse Practice Act, issues licenses, and disciplines nurses

what does the Healthcare facility do

Creates workplace policies and procedures

What are the five steps of the nursing process?

ADPIE

what does a in adpie stand for

Assessment, collecting and validating data

what does d in adpie stand for

Diagnosis, Analyze the data and identify nursing problems.

what does p in adpie stand for

Planning, prioritize problems, establish outcomes, and choose interventions

what does i in adpie stand for

Implementation, perform the interventions

what does e in adpie stand for

Evaluation, determine whether the outcomes were met and modify the plan if necessary

who enforces the NPA?

The State Board of Nursing (BON) enforces the NPA.

who passes the NPA

The state legislature passes the NPA

Who approves a nursing program within a state?

The State Board of Nursing (BON).

What does the BON examine before approving a nursing program?

curriculum, standards, and clinical experiences

what are the 2 program acreditions type

ACEN and CCNE

what is ACEN accreditation (Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing)

Accredits nursing programs at all levels.

what is CCNE accreditation

Focuses on bachelor’s and graduate nursing programs.

what does QSEN stand for

Quality and Safety Education for Nurses

What is the purpose of QSEN?

To prepare nurses to provide safe, high-quality healthcare using six essential competencies.

What is patient-centered care?

involving the client in care and respecting their needs, values, preferences, and decisions.

What are teamwork and collaboration?

Communicating and working effectively with the healthcare team to achieve safe client outcomes.

What is evidence-based practice (EBP)?

Making clinical decisions using best research evidence, clinical expertise, and the client’s preferences.

What is quality improvement (QI)?

Using data to identify problems and improve healthcare processes and outcomes continuously.

What is safety?

Preventing harm to clients and healthcare workers by reducing errors and risks.

What is informatics?

Using technology and healthcare information to communicate, manage knowledge, reduce errors, and support clinical decisions.

What does NLN stand for?

National League for Nursing

what is NLN for

it focuses on improving nursing education.

What is the purpose of the NLN competencies?

To ensure prelicensure nursing students graduate with the same fundamental nursing abilities.

What is human flourishing?

Helping clients achieve the best possible health and quality of life based on their values.

What is nursing judgment?

Using nursing knowledge and client information to make safe clinical decisions.

What is professional identity?

Demonstrating the values, responsibilities, ethics, and behavior expected of a nurse.

What is spirit of inquiry?

Questioning current practice and seeking evidence to improve care.

What does AACN stand for?

American Association of Colleges of Nursing

what does AACN do

represents BSN, graduate, and postgraduate nursing schools.

What are the AACN BSN Essentials?

Ten domains describing what BSN programs must teach and what BSN graduates should be able to do.

Who do the AACN BSN Essentials apply to?

Students graduating from prelicensure BSN programs.

What is AACN Domain 1?

Knowledge for Nursing Practice, use nursing and scientific knowledge to provide safe care.

What is AACN Domain 2?

Person-Centered Care, individualize care based on the client’s needs, values, and preferences.

What is AACN Domain 3?

Population Health, promote the health of communities and groups of people.

What is AACN Domain 4?

Scholarship for the Nursing Discipline, use research and evidence to improve nursing care.

What is AACN Domain 5?

Quality and Safety, prevent harm and continuously improve healthcare outcomes.

What is AACN Domain 6?

Interprofessional Partnerships, work with clients and other healthcare professionals.

What is AACN Domain 7?

Systems-Based Practice, understand and improve care within the overall healthcare system.

What is AACN Domain 8?

Informatics and Healthcare Technologies, use technology and health information safely.

What is AACN Domain 9?

Professionalism, practice ethically, responsibly, and according to nursing standards.

What is AACN Domain 10?

Personal, Professional, and Leadership Development, continue learning, build leadership skills, and grow professionally.

What is the difference between an LPN and an LVN?

they’re the same, Texas and California use LVN, most other states use LPN.

What is NAPNES?

National Association for Practical Nurse Education and Service

What do NAPNES standards describe?

The expected scope and content of practical/vocational nursing education.

What areas do LPN/LVN educational competencies cover?

Professional behavior, communication, assessment, planning, and caring interventions.

Why are nurses required to have a license?

to protect the public by proving the nurse meets minimum requirements for safe practice.

Why must a nursing license be renewed?

To maintain the legal right to practice nursing and meet the state’s renewal requirements.

What is the Nurse Licensure Compact (NLC)?

An agreement allowing an eligible nurse to practice in their home state and other states using one multistate license.

What is a nursing certificate program?

Focused education on a specific nursing topic, usually followed by a test.

What is specialty certification?

A professional credential showing that a licensed nurse has advanced knowledge and competence in a specialty.

What is credentialing?

verifying a healthcare professional’s education, training, competence, and qualifications to practice safely.

What is communication?

The process of transferring information between a sender and receiver.

What are the basic parts of communication?

Sender, message, receiver, feedback.

whats The Shannon-Weaver model

it explains how a message travels and how interference can affect it.

what are the six parts of the Shannon-Weaver communication model?

Sender, Encoder, Channel, Decoder, Receiver, and Noise.

What does Sender Shannon-Weaver component mean?

Person who begins the message

What does Encoder Shannon-Weaver component mean?

Changes the idea into words, gestures, writing, or signals

What does Decoder Shannon-Weaver component mean?

Interprets the message

What does Receiver Shannon-Weaver component mean?

Person who receives it

What does Noise Shannon-Weaver component mean?

Anything that interferes with understanding

What does Channel Shannon-Weaver component mean?

Method used to send it, such as speech, phone, or email

What is Berlo’s communication model?

SMCR, Sender sends a Message through a Channel to a Receiver.

What are the basic components of every communication model?

Sender, message, and receiver.

What is feedback in communication?

The receiver’s response that confirms whether the message was understood correctly.

Verbal vs. nonverbal communication?

Verbal words spoken or written, nonverbal body language, gestures…

What is passive communication?

Avoiding conflict by staying silent or agreeing instead of expressing your needs.

What is assertive communication?

Expressing needs honestly and clearly while respecting others’ rights.

What is aggressive communication?

Expressing needs in a hostile, threatening, or abusive way that violates others’ rights.

What is passive-aggressive communication?

Expressing anger indirectly while appearing passive on the surface

What factors can affect communication effectiveness?

Emotions, culture, language, pain, illness, hearing,…

What is motivational interviewing?

therapeutic communication that helps a client find their own motivation to make healthy changes

What does OARS mean?

Open-ended questions, Affirmations, Reflective listening, Summarizing.

What are common communication barriers?

Language, ability, substances, emotions, and environment.

what is a chain of infection

A sequence of necessary pieces for an infection to occur.

What are the six links in the chain of infection?

Infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host.

How is infection prevented?

Break any link in the chain of infection.

What is an infectious agent?

A microorganism that can cause infection, such as bacteria….

What is a reservoir?

Where an infectious agent lives, grows, and multiplies, such as a person, animal, water, food, or equipment.

What is a portal of entry?

The way a germ enters the body, such as through the nose, mouth, eyes, broken skin, urinary tract, or respiratory tract.

what is Portal of Exit

A portal of exit is the means by which the infectious agent can leave the reservoir.