Malignant Renal Masses

RCC may also be referred to as

hypernephroma or adenocarcinoma of the kidney

primary cancer means that cancer

begins in the organ

RCC is a primary form of cancer, meaning this form of cancer begins in the kidney, specifically originating from the —-

renal tubular epithelium

things that increase the risk for renal cell carcinoma

smoking, hypertension, obesity, and tuberous sclerosis

there is a strong association between RCC and

von Hippel-Lindau disease

patients who have — are especially suseptible to develop RCC as well

acquired renal cystic disease from long term dialysis

frequenct symptoms of RCC manifest late in the disease when the tumor is

moderately large

RCC tumor can spread into the

renal vein and IVC

RCC that spreads to the renal vein and IVC is termed

tumor thrombus

RCC may be referred to as a hypernephroma. It has a strong link with —.

smoking

clinical findings of renal cell carcinoma

1. anorexia

2. flank pain

3. gross hematuria

4. hypertension

5. palpable mass

6. smoker

7. weight loss

sonographic findingd of renal cell carcinoma

1. hypoechoic, isoechoic, or hyperechoic solid mass on the kidney

2. can have a complex cystic appearance as well

3. check the renal vein and IVC for tumor invasion

Renal cell carcinoma. Longitudinal (left) and transverse images (right) of the left kidney showing a heterogeneous solid lesion (arrows) in the superior pole.

transitional cell carcinoma of the kidney is a

malignant tumor that is most often found in teh area of the renal pelvis

TCC may also be found in the

ureter and urinary bladder

like RCC, patients who — are also at an increase risk for TCC

smoke

TCC can cause

focal dilation of the calices, and small lesions can be dificult to identify with sonography

clinical findings of renal transitional cell carcinoma

1. gross hematuria

2. pain secondary to renal obstruction

3. history of smoking

sonographic findings of renal transitional cell carcinoma

1. hypoechoic or isoechoic mass within the renal sinus

2. varying degrees of hydronephrosis may be present

TCC found in the kidney is most often located within the

renal pelvis

metastases to the kidneys are most often from the

lungs or breast

loss often metastases to the kidneys are from

prostate, pancreas, and melanoma

RCC can also metastasize from the

contralateral kidney

lymphoma and — of the kidney will appear sonographically similar

leukemia

lymphoma and leukemia can either result in a — or be seen as —

multiple, hyperechoic masses; bilateral renal enlargement with a decrease in overall renal echogenicity

lymphoma, which is most likely in teh form of non-hodgkin lymphoma, typically affects

both kidneys

patients who have a history of — should be thoroughly evaluated for renal metastasis

primary malignancy

clinical findings of other renal malignancies

1. history of primary cancer (often lung or breast)

2. hematuria

3. fever

4. weight loss

sonographic findings of other renal malignancies

1. bilateral, hypoechoic masses with lymphoma

2. lymphoma or leukemia can manifest as an enlarged kidney

3. metastases have avrying sonographic findings but are most often solid tumors that are hypoechoic or hyperechoic