Pharamacology in Mental Disorders: Part 2

Neurons

principle information carriers

Glial Cells

supporting cells, take up and store neurotransmitters

Soma

cell body- primary portion of the neuron

From the neurons project...

...dentrites

Dentrities

receive neurotransmitter

Axons

send messages among neurons

Myelin sheath

a group of fat cells encasing axons

Myelination

serves to insulate the nerve

Synaptic foot

the end of the axon

Phagocytosis

process of removing foreign material and cell debris

Proliferation (gliosis)

process of repairing the damaged areas of nervous tissue

Astrocyte (Astroglia)

Star-shaped cells that provide physical and nutritional support for neurons: 1) clean up brain "debris"; 2) transport nutrients to neurons; 3) hold neurons in place; 4) digest parts of dead neurons; 5) regulate content of extracellular space

Microglia

digest parts of dead neurons

Oligodendroglia

Provide the insulation (myelin) to neurons in the central nervous system.

satellite cells

physical support to neurons in peripheral nervous system

Schwann cells

provide the insulation (myelin) to neurons in the peripheral nervous system

Chlorpromazine

Thorazine

Mesoridazine

Serentil

Thioridazine

Mellaril

Fluphenazine

Permitil, Prolixin

Trifluoperazine

Stelazine

Haloperidol

Haldol

Thiothixene

Navane

Loxapine

Loxitane

Molindone

Moban

Clozapine

Clozaril

Risperidone

Risperdal

Ziprasidone

Geodon

Quietapine

Seroquel

Olanzapine

Zyprexa

Aripiprazole

Abilify

Paliperidone

Invega, Semap

Lurasidone

Latuda

Cariprazine

Vraylar

Brexpiprazole

Rexulti

aripiprazole lauroxil

Aristada

Extrapyramidal Tracts

Chiefly found in the reticular activating formation of the pons and medulla, and target neurons in the spinal cord involved in reflexes, locomotion, complex movements, and postural control.

Extrapyramidal effects (Phenothiazines)

Dystonia
Parkinsonism
Akinesia
Akathisia
Neuroleptic Malignant syndrome
Rabbit syndrome
Tardive dyskinesia/ dystonia

Clozapine (Clozaril)

Binds to dopamine receptors
Potent anticholinergic, adrenolytic, antihistamine, and antiserotonergic activity
Danger of fatal blood disorder

Risperidone (Risperdal)

Dopamine antagonism D2 & receptor blockade serotonin 5-HT2

Quetiapine (Seroquel)

5-HT2 & 5-HT1A receptors and D1 & D2 receptors
Little anticholinergic effect

Ziprasidone (Geodon)

Combined dopamine & serotonin receptor antagonist activity- most potent action at the 5-HT2A