Semester One Vocab/MISC

Fundamental Forces

strong - holds nucleus together
electro mag - +, -
weak
gravity

atomic number

protons

amu

atomic mass number - sum of all isotopes

isotopes

same #protons but diff. #neutrons

allotropes

same element but bonded differently
example- carbon can be diamond or graphite

alpha emisson/decay

emits particle with same protons and neutrons as a helium
subtract 4 from mass and 2 from protons

beta decay/emission

neutron turns into proton and electron, emits the e-

electron capture

takes an e- and combines with proton to create neutron

prefix 1-10

mono, di , tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa, nona, deca

diatomic elements (7)

H, O, N, Cl, Br, I, F

empirical vs molecular formula

Law of Conservation of Mass

must have same amount of atoms on both sides of reaction

mole

#of atoms in 12 grams or amu of C-12

observable effects of a reaction

precipitates, gas ,sounds, change in appearance/color, light emission

calorie

energy need to heat 1 gram of water from 20 C to 21 C, represented by lower case ‘c’

kilocalorie

heat 1 L of water from 20C to 21C, represented by captial ‘C’

heat.

total KE in an object

temperature

average KE of an object

system

what we portion out to study

surrounding

everything else besides system

energy

ability to do work or transfer thermal energy

first law of thermodynamics

energy cannot be created or destroyed. can be changed infinitely

enthalpy (q)

change in heat ∆H