Applied Physics I

Flashcards covering key concepts and definitions from Applied Physics I.

Accuracy

A measure of how close the measured value is to the true value of a quantity.

Precision

The resolution or limit to which a quantity is measured by a measuring instrument, determined by its least count.

Errors of Vernier Callipers

Defects in the fabrication or careless use of the instrument that lead to measurement errors. Zero errors must be corrected before using the instrument.

Progressive Waves

Waves emitted from the source that propagate by conducting energy to another point.

Reverberation Time

The time required for the sound intensity to decrease to one millionth of its original intensity after the sound source stops.

Deforming Force

An external force applied to a body that produces a change in the position of the molecules, resulting in a change in shape or size.

Restoring Force

The internal force that opposes the deforming force and restores the original size and shape of the body when the deforming force is removed.

Elasticity

The property of a body to regain its original shape and size when deforming forces are removed.

Frequency (f)

The number of complete oscillations per second, measured in hertz (Hz).

Periodic Time (T)

The time required for one complete vibration, measured in seconds.

Cohesive Force

The force of attraction among molecules of the same substance, such as between water molecules.

Longitudinal Waves

Waves where particles of the medium oscillate in the direction of wave propagation, such as sound waves.

Infrasonic Sound

Sound with a frequency less than 20 Hz.

Audible Sound

Sound with a frequency of 20 Hz to 20 kHz (20,000 Hz) that can be heard by humans.

Ultrasonic Sound

Sound waves with a frequency greater than 20 kHz (20,000 Hz).

Strain

The change in dimension or shape of an object when a deforming force is applied.

Ultrasonic Waves Properties

1. Higher than 20,000 Hz frequency, inaudible to humans. 2. Longitudinal waves, propagated by compression and rarefaction.

Longitudinal Strain

Strain produced in a body when the deforming force causes a change in length alone.

Young's Modulus of Elasticity (Y)

Defined as the ratio of normal stress to longitudinal strain within the elastic limit.