Human AP Final Exam 1 CH 3

Name the three main parts of a typical cell.

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus.

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

Controls what enters and exits the cell.

Name types of cell junctions.

Tight junctions, desmosomes, gap junctions.

What is the glycocalyx?

A sugary coating on the cell surface involved in cell recognition.

What are membrane transport mechanisms?

Passive (diffusion, osmosis), active (endocytosis, exocytosis, pumps).

Define tonicity.

The ability of a solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water.

Types of tonicities?

Isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic.

What is the function of the Na+/K+ pump?

Maintains membrane potential by moving Na+ out and K+ in.

Function of the nucleus?

Stores DNA and coordinates cell activity.

What are the phases of the cell cycle?

Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase (PMAT), Cytokinesis.

Name cell organelles and their functions (examples).

Mitochondria – energy; Ribosomes – protein synthesis; ER – transport.