Exam 3 - Dr. Sullivant

What surfaces have a mucosa?

respiratory, gastrointestinal, urogenital, reproductive, conjunctive, and mammary glands

What does an over-active gut immune system cause?

Chronic IBD/IRE

What does an over-response to a respiratory infection cause?

chronic bronchitis

What can happen with the mucosal immunity is ocerwhelmed?

pneumonia and acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome

What is able to boost natural mucosal responses to pathogens?

vaccines

The mucosal surfaces of the body cover vital organs that communicate material and information between what?

the body and its environment

What percent of the immune system’s cells are dedicated to the mucosal surface defence?

75%

What is the largest part of the immune system (bc skin doesn’t count)?

Gut

What continuously samples the gut’s luminal contents and stimulate adaptive immune responses to pathogens, commensal organisms and food?

Secondary lymphoid tissues

The combined area of the mucosal surfaces is much greater than that of the skin; the small intestine alone has a surface area _____ times that of the skin

200x

What about percent of the body’s lymphocytes are in secondary lymphoid tissues serving mucosal surfaces?

75%

What are IgAs secreted as?

dimers

What is the majority of antibodies made by the body secreted as?

IgA

What is the large populations of commensal microorganisms found in the GI tract?

microbiome

What are the three major challenges for mucosal immunity?

eliminate pathogens, limit growth/location of commensal microorganisms, and do not attack the microbiota/food

What is the major challenge for mucosal immunity summarized to?

avoid immune-mediated disease

If bronchioles collapse, the risk of bacterial infection: increases or decreases?

increases

What is specialized lymphoid tissue in mucosal epithelium/lamina propria/submucosa?

MALTs

What are the five types of MALT's?

CONALT, NALT, CALT, BALT, GALT

What are the three main mucosal defenses?

physical barriers, innate immunity, and adaptive immunity

What are three physical barriers of mucosal defense?

Epithelial layer, microbiota, and mucus later

What is secreted by goblet cells in the mucosa?

mucin

Does the innate immunity of mucosa require previous exposure?

no

Does the innate immunity of the mucosa provide future protection?

no

What activates adaptive immunity?

cytokines/interleukins from innate immunity

What immunoglobulins are secreted into the surface epithelium?

IgM and IgA

What triggers phagocytes?

receptor-mediated recognition of pathogens

What on phagocytes recognize microbial patterns?

TLR

What do NK cells trigger in intracellular viruses?

apoptosis

What immune response is necessary for hematogenously spread infections?

adaptive

What cytoplasmic receptors recognize intracellular pathogens and release lots of cytokines?

NOD-like

What to PAMPS bind to?

PRRs

What serves as a major APC to T helper cells, thus triggering the adaptive immune response (link between innate and adaptive)?

dendritic cells

What cells are involved in the MALT adaptive immune response?

dentric cells

What cells can extend processes across the epithelial layer to capture antigen from the lumen of the gut?

Dendritic cells

Where are CD4 + T helper cells?

MALT

What are the APCs?

Macrophages, dendritic cells, enterocytes