MED TERM 5: anatomy & physiology of urine system

cystoscopy

visual exam of the bladder

dysuria

condition of difficult/painful urination

nephritis

inflammation of the kidney

urinary system (renal system/urinary tract)

consists of the kidney, ureters, bladder, and urethra

kidneys

pair of organs (size of your fist) that filter waste from blood & produces urine (located on either side of spine behind the abdominal cavity)

renal cortex

outer region of kidney

renal medulla

inner region of kidney

nephron

functional unit of kidney & filters blood, removes wastes, balances fluid & electrolyte levels

glomerulus

high pressure capillaries, surrounded by glomerular capsule

renal hilum

entry/exit for vessels, nerves, and ureters

ureter

thin, muscular tube that carries urine from kidney to bladder

bladder

collects urine from both ureters where it’s stored until urination

urethra

transports urine from bladder to outside of body during urination

urinate

to pass urine (void or micturate)

sphincters

circular muscles constricting an orifice (opening)

800-2000 ML of urine a day

the healthy adult produces average of (how many ML in urine a day)

sphincters

urine is controlled and regulated by the

every 30 minutes

kidneys filter blood every how often?

glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

volume of filtrate formed by both kidneys per minute

glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

used to assess how well the kidneys are functioning

hydrostatic pressure

refers to pressure produced by a fluid against a surface

osmosis

movement of water across a semipermeable membrane that is impermeable

oricotic pressure

created by the protein content of the blood that helps hold water inside of capillaries

edema

puffy, swollen tissue due to accumulation of fluid

hyperkalemia

increased potassium levels in blood due to a reduced inability to reabsorb these substances