Patho Week 13 PP

A client with hyperbilirubinemia is turning yellow. The nurse identifies this finding as:

Jaundice

Which condition is associated with unconjugated bilirubin elevation?

Excessive hemolysis

The nurse knows that post-hepatic jaundice occurs due to:

Obstruction of bile flow

Which hepatitis cause is classified as autoimmune?

Primary biliary cholangitis

Varying manifestations of hepatotropic viruses are MOST influenced by:

Mode of transmission and incubation

A patient with hepatitis shows hepatocyte damage due to immune-mediated destruction. This reflects which mechanism?

Immune response against viral antigens

NAFLD is best described as:

Lipid accumulation within hepatocytes

Cirrhosis alters liver structure by:

Forming fibrous nodules that distort architecture

Which is a known metabolic cause of cirrhosis?

Hemochromatosis

Which clinical manifestation results from portal hypertension?

Splenomegaly

Asterixis in liver failure is caused by accumulation of:

Ammonia

Which symptom is most characteristic of hepatic encephalopathy?

Sweet, musty breath odor

Liver failure causes bleeding tendencies primarily due to:

Lack of vitamin K absorption and clotting factor synthesis

Hepatorenal syndrome occurs because of:

Reduced renal blood flow from severe liver disease

Which finding suggests progression to end-stage liver failure?

Oliguria and rising creatinine

Gallstones are most commonly composed of:

Cholesterol

Which risk factor fits the classic “5 F’s” of gallstones?

Multiparity

Biliary colic pain is typically located:

RUQ radiating to right shoulder or scapula

Pain from cholelithiasis is described as:

Steady RUQ pain lasting 30 min–5 hours

Which complication occurs when a gallstone blocks the common bile duct?

Choledocholithiasis

Which lab finding is expected in cholecystitis?

Elevated alkaline phosphatase

The best initial imaging test for gallstones is:

Abdominal ultrasound

Which is the most common cause of acute pancreatitis?

Gallstones

What is the KEY pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis?

Auto-digestion from premature enzyme activation

Which lab value is most indicative of acute pancreatitis?

Increased lipase

A major complication of acute pancreatitis is:

SIRS and multi-organ failure

Chronic pancreatitis differs from acute pancreatitis because it is:

Irreversible destruction of exocrine and endocrine tissue

Pain in chronic pancreatitis is typically:

Triggered by overeating or alcohol

Hypocalcemia in acute pancreatitis occurs because of:

Fat necrosis binding calcium

A pancreatic pseudocyst is best described as:

A fluid-filled sac containing digestive enzymes