CHAPTER 5-The Integumentary System

Integumentary System

Includes the skin and its derivatives such as hair, nails, and glands.

Dermatology

Area of science that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of skin disorders.

Protection

One of the skin functions; provides a physical barrier to prevent bacterial and viral invasion.

Thermoregulation

The regulation of body temperature through processes such as sweat production.

Cutaneous Sensation

Involves cutaneous sensory receptors that detect and respond to stimuli on the surface of the skin.

Vitamin D Production

The process that begins when UV light strikes special molecules in the skin, leading to the production of the active form of Vitamin D (Calcitrol).

Epidermis

The outer layer of the skin composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue.

Keratinocytes

The most numerous cells in the epidermis; they produce keratin which forms a protective layer over the skin.

Melanocytes

Cells that synthesize and store melanin and are found in the deepest layers of the skin.

Langerhan’s Cells

Macrophages that arise from bone marrow, migrate to the epidermis, and help activate the immune system.

Stratum Basale

The deepest layer of the epidermis, where stem cells are located and can produce new skin cells.

Stratum Corneum

The most superficial layer of the epidermis, composed entirely of dead cells.

Keratinization

The process in which cells develop in the stratum basale and migrate upwards over time.

Dermis

The deeper portion of the skin composed of flexible, strong connective tissue.

Papillary Layer

The upper layer of the dermis, composed of areolar connective tissue with projections known as dermal papillae.

Sebaceous Glands

Oil glands located all over the body that secrete sebum to lubricate the skin and hair.

Alopecia

Hair thinning or balding.

Melanoma

Rare form of skin cancer arising from melanocytes; early detection is crucial for treatment.

ABCD Rule

A guideline to assess moles for skin cancer: Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter.

Albinism

A genetic inability to produce melanin, resulting in little to no color in the skin.

Contact Dermatitis

Redness and itching of the skin due to chemical contact.